e son。〃 There was； however； another man engaged in a like design to the noble earl； who； if not less scrupulous； was more daring。
This was one Ross； a Scotsman； who had been made governor of the young duke on his first coming into England； and who had since acted as his friend and confidant。 Now Ross； who had not failed to whisper ambitious thoughts into his pupil's head； at this time sought Dr。 Cosin； Bishop of Durham； and according to the 〃Stuart Papers；〃 told him 〃he might do a great piece of service to the Church of England in keeping out popery； if he would but sign a certificate of the king's marriage to the Duke of Monmouth's mother； with whom that bishop was acquainted in Paris。 Ross also told the bishop； to make the thing more easy to him； that during his life the certificate should not be produced or made use of。〃 The same papers state that； as a bishop's certificate is a legal proof of marriage； Dr。 Cosin's compliance would have been invaluable to the duke and his friends。 His lordship； however； rejected the proposition； and laid the matter before the king； who expelled Ross from court。
Horror of popery and fear of a papist sovereign increased with time； care having been taken by my Lord Shaftesbury and his party that the public mind； once inflamed； should be kept ignited。 For this purpose he spread reports abroad that the Irish were about to rise in rebellion； backed by the French； and that the papists in London had entered into a vile conspiracy to put their fellow citizens to the sword on the first favourable opportunity。 To give this latter statement a flavour of reality he； assuming an air of fright； betook himself one night to the city； and sought refuge in the house of a fanatic； in order； he said； that he might escape the catholics； who had planned to cut his throat。
A tempest； dark and dangerous； was gathering fast； which the court felt powerless to subdue。 The king's assurance to parliament that 〃he would endeavour to satisfy the world of his steadfastness for the security of the protestant religion；〃 had little avail in soothing the people。 Many of them suspected him to be a catholic at heart； others knew he had accepted the bounty of a country feared and detested by the nation。 Deeds； not words； could alone dispel the clouds of prejudice which came between him and his subjects； and accordingly he set about the performance of such acts as might bring reconciliation in their train。
The first of these was the confirmation； according to the Protestant Church； of the Lady Mary； eldest daughter of the Duke of York； and after him heir presumptive to the crown； the second and more important was the marriage of that princess to William of Orange。 This prince was son of the king's eldest sister； and therefore grandson of Charles I。 As a hero who； by virtue of his statesmanship and indomitable courage； had rescued Holland from the hateful power of France； he was regarded not only as the saviour of his country； but as the protector of protestantism。 Already a large section of the English nation turned their eyes towards him as one whom they might elect some day to weald the sceptre of Great Britain。 Subtle； ambitious； and determined； a silent student of humanity； a grave observer of politics； a sagacious leader in warfare； he had likewise begun to look forward towards the chances of succeeding his uncle in the government of Englandin hopes of which he had been strengthened by the private overtures made him by Shaftesbury； and sustained by the public prejudices exhibited against the Duke of York。
The proposed union between him and the heiress presumptive to the crown was regarded by the nation with satisfaction； and by the prince as an act strongly favouring the realization of his desires for sovereignty。 Cold and grave in temperament； sickly and repulsive in appearance； blunt and graceless in manner； he was by no means an ideal bridegroom for a fair princess； but neither she nor her father had any choice given them in a concern so important to the pacification of the nation。 She； it was whispered at court； had previously given her heart to a brave young Scottish laird； and her father； it was known； had already taken an instinctive dislike to the man destined to usurp his throne。 In October； 1677； the Prince of Orange came to England； ostensibly to consult with King Charles regarding the establishment of peace between France and the Confederates； but the chief motive of his visit was to promote his marriage； which had some time before been proposed； and owing to political causes had been coolly received by him。 Now； however； his anxiety for the union was made plain to the king； who quickly agreed to his desires。 〃Nephew；〃 said he to the sturdy Dutchman； 〃it is not good for man to be alone； and I will give you a help meet for you； and so；〃 continues Burnet； 〃he told him he would bestow his niece on him。〃
The same afternoon the monarch informed his council that 〃the Prince of Orange； desiring a more strict alliance with England by marriage with the Lady Mary； he had consented to it； as a thing he looked on as very proper to unite the family； and which he believed would be agreeable to his people； and show them the care he had of religion； for which reason he thought it the best alliance he could make。〃 When his majesty had concluded this speech； the Duke of York stepped forward； and declared his consent to the marriage。 He hoped 〃he had now given a sufficient testimony of his right intentions for the public good； and that people would no more say he designed altering the government in church or state； for whatever his opinion on religion might be； all that he desired was； that men might not be molested merely for conscience' sake。〃
The duke then dined at Whitehall with； the king； the Prince of Orange； and a noble company； after which he returned to St。 James's； where he then resided。 Dr。 Edward Luke； at this time tutor to the Lady Mary； and subsequently Archdeacon of Exeter； in his interesting manuscript diary； informs us that on reaching the palace； the duke； with great tenderness and fatherly affection； took his daughter aside； 〃and told her of the marriage designed between her and the Prince of Orange； whereupon her highness wept all that afternoon and the following day。〃 Her tears had not ceased to flow when； two days after the announcement of her marriage； Lord Chancellor Finch； on behalf of the council； came to congratulate her； and Lord Chief Justice Rainsford； on the part of the judges； complimented her in extravagant terms。
This union； which the bride regarded with so much repugnance； was appointed to take place on the 4th of November； that date being the bridegroom's birthday； as likewise the anniversary of his mother's nativity。 Dr。 Luke gives a quaint account of the ceremony。 〃At nine o'clock at night；〃 he writes； 〃the marriage was solemnized in her highness's bedchamber。 The king； who gave her away； was very pleasant all the while； for he desired that the Bishop of London would make haste lest his sister ＇the Duchess of York＇ should be delivered of a son； and so the marriage be disappointed。 And when the prince endowed her with all his worldly goods ＇laying gold and silver on the book＇； he willed to put all up in her pockett； for 'twas clear gains。 At eleven o'clock they went to bed； when his majesty came and drew the curtains； saying； 'Hey！ St。 George for England！'〃
For a time both court and town seemed to forget the trouble and strife which beset them。 Bonfires blazed in the streets； bells rang from church towers； the populace cheered lustily； whilst at Whitehall there were many brilliant entertainments。 These terminated with a magnificent ball； held on the 15th instant； the queen's birthday； at the conclusion of this festivity the bride and bridegroom were to embark in their yacht； which was to set sail next morning for Holland。 For this ball the princess had 〃attired herself very richly with all her jewels；〃 but her whole appearance betrayed a sadness she could not suppress in the present； and which the future did not promise to dispel。 For already the bridegroom； whom the maids of honour had dubbed the 〃Dutch monster〃 and 〃Caliban；〃 had commenced to reveal glimpses of his unhandsome character； 〃and the court began to whisper of his sullennesse or clownishnesse； that he took no notice of his princess at the playe and balle； nor came to see her at St。 James'； the day preceding that designed for their departure。〃
The wind being easterly； they were detained in England until the 19th； when； accompanied by the king； the Duke of York； and several persons of quality； they went in barges from Whitehall to Greenwich。 The princess was sorely grieved； and wept unceasingly。 When her tutor 〃kneeled down and kissed her gown〃 at parting； she could not find words to speak； but turned her back that she might hide her tears； and； later on； when the queen 〃would have comforted her with the consideration of her own condition when she came into England； and had never till then seen the king； her highness replied； 'But； madam； you came into England； but I am going out of England。'〃
CHAPTER XVII。
The threatened storm bursts。History of Titus Oates and Dr。 Tonge。A da