will serve as an example of the injustice meted to those accused。 One day； William Staley happened to enter a pastrycook's shop in Covent Garden； opposite his bank； where there chanced to stand at the time a fellow named Carstairs； one of the infamous creatures who； envious of the honours and riches heaped on Oates and Bedlow； resolved to make new discoveries and enjoy like rewards。 At this time he was； as Bishop Burnet states； 〃looking about where he could find a lucky piece of villainy。〃 Unfortunately the banker came under his notice； and Bedlow and an associate pretended to have heard Staley say the king was a rogue and a persecutor of the people whom he would stab if no other man was found to do the deed。 These words Carstairs wrote down； and next morning called on the banker； showed him the treasonable sentence； and said he would swear it had been uttered by him； unless he； Staley； would purchase his silence。 Though fully aware of his danger； he refused to do this； whereon Carstairs had him instantly arrested and committed for trial。 Hearing of his situation； and knowing the infamous character of his accusers； Dr。 Burnet thought it his duty to let the lord chancellor and the attorney…general know 〃What profligate wretches these witnesses were。〃 His interference was received with hostility。 The attorney…general took it ill that he should disparage the king's evidence； Lord Shaftesbury avowed those who sought to undermine the credit of witnesses were to be looked on as public enemies； whilst the Duke of Lauderdale said Burnet desired to save Staley because of the regard he had for anyone who would murder his majesty。 Frightened by such remarks at a time when no man's life or credit was safe； Burnet shrank from further action； but rumour of his interference having got noised abroad； it was resented by the public to such an extent； that he was advised not to stir abroad for fear of public affronts。
Within five days of his arrest； William Staley was condemned to death。 In vain he protested his innocence； pointed out the improbability of his using such words in a public room； and referred to his character as a loyal man and worthy citizen。 He was condemned and executed as a traitor。
The next victim was Coleman。 He denied having hired assassins to murder his majesty； or entertained desires for his death； but honestly stated he had striven to advance his religion； not by bloodshed； but by tolerance。 Whilst lying in chains at Newgate prison under sentence of death members of both Houses of Parliament visited him； and offered him pardon if he confessed a knowledge of the plot； but； in answer to all persuasions and promises； he avowed his innocence； protesting which； he died at Tyburn。
A little later； three Jesuits； named Ireland； Whitehead； and Fenwick； and two attendants of the queen's chapel； named Grove and Pickering； were executed on a charge of conspiracy to kill the king。 Oates and Bedlow swore these Jesuits had promised Grove fifteen hundred pounds as price of the murder； Pickering chose as his reward to have thirty thousand masses； at a shilling a mass； said for him。 Three times they had attempted this deed with a pistol； but once the flint was loose； another time there was no powder in the pan； and again the pistol was charged only with bullets。 These five men died denying their guilt to the last。
Meanwhile； Dr。 Tonge； the ingenious inventor of the plot； had sunk into insignificance by comparison with his audacious pupil。 Not only did the latter have apartments at Whitehall allotted him； and receive a pension of twelve hundred a year； but he was lauded as the saviour of his country； complimented with the title of doctor of divinity； honoured in public； and entertained in private。 Eachard mentions 〃a great supper in the city；〃 given in compliment to Oates by 〃twenty eminent rich citizens；〃 and Sir John Reresby writes of meeting him at the dinner…table of Dr。 Gunning； Bishop of Ely。 Nothing could exceed the insolence and arrogance of the impostor。 He appeared in a silk gown and cassock； a long scarf； a broad hat with satin band and rose； and called himself a doctor of divinity。 No man dared contradict or oppose him； lest he should be denounced as a conniver of the plot； and arrested as a traitor。 〃Whoever he pointed at was taken up and committed；〃 says North。 〃So that many people got out of his way as from a blast； and glad they could prove their last two years' conversation。 The very breath of him was pestilential； and if it brought not imprisonment； it surely poisoned reputation。〃 Sir John； speaking of him at the bishop's dinner…table； says 〃he was blown up with the hopes of running down the Duke of York； and spoke of him and his family after a manner which showed himself both a fool and a knave。 He reflected not only on him personally； but upon her majesty； nobody daring to contradict him； for fear of being made a party to the plot。 I at least did not undertake to do it； when he left the room in some heat。 The bishop told me this was his usual discourse； and that he had checked him formerly for taking so indecent a liberty； but he found it was to no purpose。〃
The impostor's conversation on this occasion furnishes the key… note of a vile plot now contrived to intercept the lawful succession； either by effectually removing the queen； and thereby enabling the king to marry again； or otherwise excluding the Duke of York by act of parliament from lawful right to the crown。 Though Shaftesbury's hand was not plainly seen； there can be no doubt it was busily employed in working out his favourite design。
The blow was first aimed at her majesty by Bedlow； who； on the 25th of November； accused her of conspiring to kill her husband。 About eighteen months previously； he said； there had been a consultation in the chapel gallery at Somerset House； which had been attended by Lord Bellasis； Mr。 Coleman； La Faire； Pritchard； Latham； and Sheldon； four Jesuits； and two Frenchmen whom he took to be abbots； two persons of quality whose faces he did not see； and lastly by her majesty。 The Jesuits afterwards confided in him as a person of trust； that the queen wept at a proposal to murder the king which had been made； but subsequently yielding to arguments of the French abbots； had consented to the design。 Indeed； Bedlow； who was in the sacristy when her majesty passed through at the termination of this meeting； noticed her face had much changed。 Here his story ended； but； as was now usual； it was taken up and concluded by Oates。
Appearing at the Bar of the House of Commons； this vile impostor cried out； 〃Aye； Taitus Oates； accause Caatharine； Quean of England； of haigh traison。〃 Then followed his audacious evidence。 In the previous July； Sir George Wakeham； in writing to a Jesuit named Ashby； stated her majesty would aid in poisoning the king。 A few days afterwards； Harcourt and four other Jesuits having been sent for； attended the queen at Somerset House。 On that occasion Oates waited on them； they went into a chamber； he stayed without。 Whilst there he heard a woman's voice say she would endure her wrongs no longer； but should assist Sir George Wakeham in poisoning the king。 He was afterwards admitted to the chamber； and saw no woman there but her majesty； and he heard the same voice ask Harcourt； whilst be was within； if he had received the last ten thousand pounds。
The appetite of public credulity seeming to increase by that on which it fed； this avowal was readily believed。 That the accusation had not been previously made； that Oates had months before sworn he knew no others implicated in the plot beyond those he named； that the queen had never interfered in religious matters； that she loved her husband exceeding well； were facts completely overlooked in the general agitation。 Parliament 〃was in a rage and flame；〃 and next day the Commons drew up an address to the king； stating that 〃having received information of a most desperate and traitorous design against the life of his sacred majesty； wherein the queen is particularly charged and accused〃 they besought him that 〃she and all her family； and all papists and reputed papists； be forthwith removed from his court。〃 Furthermore； the House sent a message to the Peers； desiring their concurrence in this request； but the Lords made answer； before doing so they would examine the witnesses against her majesty。 This resolution was loudly and indecently protested against by Lord Shaftesbury and two of his friends。
The king had discredited the story of the plot from the first； but remembering the unhappy consequences which had resulted upon the disagreement of the monarch and his parliament in the previous reign； he weakly resolved to let himself be carried away by the storm； other than offer it resistance。 On the condemnation of the Jesuits； he had appeared unhappy and dissatisfied； 〃but；〃 says Lord Romney； 〃after he had had a little advice he kept his displeasure to himself。〃 The Duke of York states； in the Stuart Papers； that 〃the seeming necessity of his affairs made his majesty think he could not be safe but by consenting every day to the execution of those he knew in his heart to be most innocent。〃 Now； however； when foul charges were mad