《the origins of contemporary france-4》

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the origins of contemporary france-4- 第113部分


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workmen in the manufactories have been perverted 〃by excited

demagogues and club orators who have always held out to them equality

of fortunes and presented the Revolution as the prey of the class they

called sans…culottes 。  。  。  。  The law of the 'maximum;' at first

tolerably well carried out; the humiliation of the rich; the

confiscation of the immense possessions of the rich; seemed to be the

realization of these fine promises。〃



'94' Archives Nationales; F。7; 4421。  Petition of Madeleine Patris。  …

Petition of Quétrent Cogniér; weaver; 〃sans…culotte; and one of the

first members of the Troyes national guard。〃 … (The Style and

orthography of the most barbarous kind。)



'95' bid。; AF。; II。  135。  (Extract from the deliberations of the

Revolutionary Committee of the commune of Strasbourg; list of

prisoners and reasons for arresting them。) At Obersch?ffolsheim; two

farmers 〃because they are two of the richest private persons in the

commune。〃 … 〃Recueil de Pieces; etc。;〃 I。。  225。  (Declaration by

Welcher; revolutionary commissioner)。  〃I; the undersigned; declare

that; on the orders of citizen Clauer; commissioner of the canton; I

have surrendered at Strasbourg seven of the richest in

Obersh?ffolsheim without knowing why。〃 Four of the seven were

guillotined。



'96' Buchez et Roux; XXVI。; 341。  (Speech by Chasles in the

Convention; May 2; 1793。)



'97' Moniteur; XVIII。; 452。  (Speech by Hébert in the Jacobin club;

Brumaire 26。)…Schmidt; 〃Tableaux de la Révolution Fran?aise;〃 19。

(Reports of Dutard; June II。  … Archives Nationales。  F7。; 31167。

(Report of the Pourvoyeur; Niv?se 6; year II。) 〃The people complain

(se plain) that there are still some conspirators in the interior;

such as butchers and bakers; but particularly the former; who are

(son) an intolerable aristocracy。  They (il) will sell no more meat;

etc。  It is frightful to see what they (il) give the people。〃



'98' 〃Recueil de Police;〃 etc。; I。; 69 and 91。  At Strasbourg a number

of women of the lower class are imprisoned as 〃aristocrats and

fanatics;〃 with no other alleged motive。  The following are their

occupations: dressmaker; upholsteress; housewife; midwife; baker;

wives of coffee…house keepers; tailors; potters and chimney…sweeps。  …

Ibid。; II。; 216。  〃Ursule Rath; servant to an émigré arrested for the

purpose of knowing what her master had concealed。  。  。  。  Marie

Faber; on suspicion of having served in a priest's house。〃 … Archives

Nationales; AF。; II。; 135。  (List of the occupations of the suspected

women detained in the cells of the National college。) Most of them are

imprisoned for being either mothers; sisters; wives or daughters of

émigrés or exiled priests; and many are the wives of shopkeepers or

mechanics。  One; a professional nurse; is an 〃aristocrat and fanatic。〃

(Another list describes the men); a cooper as 〃aristocrat;〃 a tripe…

seller as 〃very incivique; never having shown any attachment to the

Revolution;〃 a mason has never shown 〃patriotism;〃 a shoemaker is

aristocrat at all times; having accepted a porter's place under the

tyrant;〃 four foresters 〃do not entertain patriotic sentiments;〃 etc。

… 〃Recueil de Pièces; etc。;〃 II。; 220。  Citoyenne Genet; aged 75; and

her daughter; aged 44; are accused of having sent; May 22; 1792;

thirty…six francs in silver to the former's son; an émigré and were

guillotined。  … Cf。  Sauzay; vols。  III。; IV。; and V。  (appendices);

lists of émigrés and prisoners in Doubs; where titles and professions;

with motives for confining them; will be found。  … At Paris; even

(Archives Nationales; F。7; 31167。  report of Latour…Lamontagne;

September 20; 1793); aversion to the government descends very low。

〃Three women (market…women) all agree on one point…the necessity of a

new order of things。  They complain of the authorities without

exception。  。  。  。  If the King is not on their lips; it is much to

be feared that he is already in their hearts。  A woman in the Faubourg

St。  Antoine; said: If our husbands made the Revolution we know how to

make a counter…revolution if that should be necessary。〃



'99' See above ch。  V。; § 4。  … Archives Nationales; F。7; 4435; No。

10。  (Letter of Collot d'Herbois to Couthon; Frimaire 11; year II。)



'100' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。331。  (Letter of Bertrand;

N?mes; Frimaire 3。) 〃We are sorry to see patriots here not very

delicate in the way they cause arrests; in ascertaining who are

criminal; and the precious class of craftsmen is no exception。〃



'101' Berryat Saint…Prix; 〃La Justice Révolutionnaire;〃 1st ed。;

p。229。



'102' 〃Un Séjour en France;〃 p。  186。  〃I notice that most of the

arrests now made are farmers。〃 (In consequence of the requisitions for

grain; and on account of the applications of the law of the maximum。)



'103' 〃Bulletin du Tribunal Révolutionnaire;〃 No。431。  (Testimony of

Tontin; secretary of the court。) Twelve hundred of these poor

creatures were set free after Thermidor 9。



'104' Moniteur; session of June 29; 1797。  (Report of Luminais。)

??Danican; 〃Les Brigands Démasqués;〃 p。  194。



'105' Meillan; 〃Mémoires; p。  166。



'106' Berryat Saint…Prix; 〃La Justice Révolutionnaire;〃 p。  419。  …

Archives Nationales; AF。; II。; 145。  (Orders issued by Representative

Maignet; Floréal 14; 15 and 17; year II。) 〃The criminal court will try

and execute the principal criminals; the rest of the inhabitants will

abandon their houses in twenty…four hours; and take their furniture

along with them。  The town will then be burnt。  All rebuilding or

tillage of the soil is forbidden。  The inhabitants will be apportioned

among neighboring communes; nobody is allowed to leave the commune

assigned to him under penalty of being treated as an emigré。  All must

appear once every ten days at the municipality under penalty of being

declared 'suspect' and imprisoned。〃



'107' 〃Recueil de Piecès; etc。;〃 I。; 52。  (Carret de Beudot and La

Coste; Pluvi?se 6; year II。) 〃Whereas; it being impossible to find

jurors within an extent of one hundred leagues; two…thirds of the

inhabitants having emigrated。〃 … Moniteur; Aug。28 and 29; 1797。

(Report by Harmand de la Meuse。) … Ibid。; XIX。; 714。  (Session of

Vent?se 26; year II。; speech by Baudot。) 〃Forty thousand persons of

all ages and both sexes in the districts alone of Haguenau and

Wissembourg; fled from the French territory on the lines being

retaken。  The names are in our hands; their furniture in the depot at

Saverne and their property is made over to the Republic。〃



'108' Albert Babeau; 〃Histoire de Troyes;〃 II。; 160。  〃A gardener had

carefully accumulated eight thousand two hundred and twenty…three

livres in gold; the fruit of his savings; threatened with

imprisonment; he was obliged to give them up。〃



'109' Archives Nationales; AF。;II。; 116。  (Orders of Representative

Paganel; Toulouse; Brumaire 12; year II。) 〃The day has arrived when

apathy is an insult to patriotism; and indifference a crime。  We no

longer reply to the objections of avarice; we will force the rich to

fulfill the duties of fraternity which they have abjured。〃 … Ibid。

(Extract from the minutes of the meetings of the Central committee of

Montauban; April II; 1793; with the approval of the representative;

Jeanbon…Saint…André。) 〃The moment has at length come when moderatism;

royalism and pusillanimity; and all other traitorous or useless sects

to the country; should disappear from the soil of Liberty。〃 All

opinions opposed to those of sans…culotterie are blamable and merit

punishment。



'110' Archives Nationales; F。7; 2471。  (Minutes of the Revolutionary

Committee of the Tuileries section; meeting of September 17; 1793。)

List of seventy…four persons put under arrest and among them; M。 de

Noailles; with the following note opposite his name: 〃The entire

family to be arrested; including their heir Guy; and Hervet; their old

intendant; rue St。  Honoré。〃



'111' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。  322。  (Letters of

Ladonay; Chalons; September 17 and 20; 1792。) 〃At Meaux; the brigands

have cut the throats of fifteen prisoners; seven of whom are priests

whose relations belong to the town or its environs。  Hence an immense

number of malcontents。〃 … Sauzay; I。; 97。  〃The country curés are

generally recruited from among the rural bourgeoisie and the most

respected farmers' families。〃



'112' Sauzay; passim; especially vols。  3; 4; 5; and 6。



'113' Archives Nationales; F。7; 4437。  Address of the popular club of

Clavisson (Gard。); Messidor 7; year II。  … Rodolphe Reuss; 〃Séligman

Alexandre; sur les Tribulations d'un Israelite Strasbourgeois Pendant

la Terreur;〃 p。  37。  Order issued by General Diéche to Coppin; in

command of the 〃Seminaire〃 prison。  〃Strive with the utmost zeal to

suppress the cackle of aristocrats。〃 Such is the sum of the

instructions to jail keepers。



'114' Archives Nationales; AF。; II。; 88
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