the origins of contemporary france-4- 第26部分

10th　of　August；　he　had　kept　quiet。　　The　committee　of　the　section　of

the　〃Amis　de　la　Patrie；〃　〃considering　that　citizen　Girard　。　　。　　。　　。

came　forward　only　at　the　time　when　the　court　and　Lafayette　prevailed

against　the　sans…culottes；〃　that；　〃since　equality　was　established　by

the　Revolution　he　has　deprived　his　fellow　citizens　of　his　knowledge；

which；　in　a　revolution；　is　criminal；　unanimously　agree　that　the　said

citizen　is　〃suspect〃　and　order　〃him　to　be　sent　to　the　Luxembourg。〃



＇18＇　Ludovic　Sciout；　〃Histoire　de　la　Constitution　civile　du　clergé；〃

IV。；　131；　135。　　（Orders　issued　by　Dartigoyte　and　de　Pinet）。　　…

〃Recueil　de　pieces　authentiques　serrant　à　l'histoire　de　la　révolution

à　Strasbourg。〃　Vol。　　I。　　p。　　230。　　（Speech　by　Schneider　at　Barr；　for

marrying　the　patriot　Funck。）　Schneider；　it　appears；　did　still　better

on　his　own　account。　　（Ibid。；　317）。



＇19＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXIX。；　160。　　（Report　of　Saint…Just；　October　20；

1793。）　〃You　have　to　punish　not　only　traitors；　but　even　the

indifferent；　you　must　punish　all　in　the　Republic　who　are　passive　and

do　nothing　for　it。〃



＇20＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXII。；　338。　　Report　of　the　Convention　on　the

theory　of　democratic　government；　by　Billaud…Varennes　（April　20；　1794）。



＇21＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXI。；　270。　　Report　by　Robespierre；　on　the

principles　which　should　guide　the　National　Convention　in　the　internal

administration　of　the　Republic；　February　5；　1794。…　Cf。　　〃The　ancient

Régime；〃　227…230；　the　ideas　of　Rousseau；　of　which　those　of　Robespierre

are　simply　a　recast。



＇22＇　Ibid。；　270。　　…　The　pretension　of　reforming　men's　sentiments　is

found　in　all　the　programs。　　Ibid。；　305。　　（Report　of　Saint…Just；

February　26；　1794。）　〃Our　object　is　to　create　an　order　of　things

establishing　a　universal　inclination　toward　the　good；　and　to　have

factions　immediately　hurled　upon　the　scaffold。〃　Ibid。；　337。　　（Report

of　Saint…Just；　March　13；　1794。〃　…　Ibid。；　337。　　（Report　of　Saint…Just；

March　13；　1794。）　〃We　see　but　one　way　of　arresting　the　evil；　and　that

is　to　convert　the　revolution　into　a　civil　power　and　wage　war　on　every

species　of　perversity；　as　designedly　created　amongst　us　for　the

enervation　of　the　republic。〃



＇23＇　Ibid。；　XXXV。；　276。　　（Institutions；　by　Saint…Just。　　…　Ibid。；　287。）

…　Moniteur；　XVIII。；　343。　　Meeting　of　the　Jacobin　Club；　Brumaire　13；

year　II。；　speech　by　Baudot。



＇24＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXIX；　142。　　（Speech　by　Jean　Bon　St。　　André　in　the

Convention；　Sep。　　25；　1793。）　〃We　are　said　to　exercise　arbitrary　power；

we　are　charged　with　being　despots。　　We；　despots！　。　　。　　。　　Ah；　no

doubt；　if　despotism　is　to　secure　the　triumph　of　liberty；　such　a

despotism　is　political　regeneration。〃　（Applause。）　…　Ibid；　XXXI。；　276。

（Report　by　Robespierre；　Pluviose　17；　year；　II。）　〃It　has　been　said　that

terror　is　the　incentive　of　despotic　government。　　Does　yours；　then；

resemble　despotism？　Yes；　as　the　sword　which　flashes　in　the　hands　of

the　heroes　of　liberty；　resembles　that　with　which　the　satellites　of

tyranny　are　armed。。。。。　　The　government　of　the　Revolution　is　the

despotism　of　freedom　against　tyranny。〃



＇25＇　Ibid。；　XXXII；　353。　　Decree　of　April　1791。　　〃The　Convention

declares；　that；　supported　by　the　virtues　of　the　French　people；　it　will

insure　the　triumph　of　the　democratic　revolution　and　show　no　pity　in

punishing　its　enemies。〃



＇26＇　In　the　following　portrayal　of　the　ancient　régime；　the　bombast　and

credulity　of　the　day　overflows　in　the　most　extravagant　exaggerations

（Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXI。；　300；　Report；　by　Saint…Just；　February　26；

1794。）：　〃In　1788；　Louis　XVI。　　Caused　eight　thousand　persons　of　both

sexes　and　of　every　age　to　be　sacrificed　in　the　rue　Meslay　and　on　the

Pont…Neuf。　　These　scenes　were　repeated　by　the　court　on　the　Champs　de

Mars；　the　court　had　hangings　in　the　prisons；　and　the　bodies　of　the

drowned　found　in　the　Seine　were　its　victims。　　These　were　four　hundred

thousand　prisoners　in　confinement；　fifteen　thousand　smugglers　were

hung　in　a　year；　and　three　thousand　men　were　broken　on　the　wheel；　there

were　more　prisoners　in　Paris　than　there　are　now　。　　。　　。　　Look　at

Europe。　　There　are　four　millions　of　people　shut　up　in　Europe　whose

shrieks　are　never　heard。〃　…　Ibid。；　XXIV。；　132。　　（Speech　by

Robespierre；　May　10；　1793）。　　〃Up　to　this　time　the　art　of　governing　has

simply　consisted　in　the　art　of　stripping　and　subduing　the　masses　for

the　benefit　of　the　few；　and　legislation；　the　mode　of　reducing　these

outrages　to　a　system。〃



＇27＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXII。；　353。　　（Report　by　Robespierre　to　the

Convention；　May　7；　1794。）　〃Nature　tells　us　that　man　is　born　for

freedom　while　the　experience　of　man　for　centuries　shows　him　a　slave。

His　rights　are　written　in　his　heart　and　history　records　his

humiliation。〃



＇28＇　Ibid。；　372。　　〃Priests　are　to　morality　what　charlatans　are　to

medical　practice。　　How　different　is　the　God　of　nature　from　the　God　of

the　priests！　I　know　of　nothing　which　is　so　much　like　atheism　as　the

religions　they　have　manufactured。〃　Already；　in　the　Constituent

Assembly；　Robespierre　wanted　to　prevent　the　father　from　endowing　a

child。　　〃You　have　done　nothing　for　liberty　if　yours　laws　do　not　tend

to　diminish　by　mild　and　effective　means　the　inequality　of　fortunes。〃

（Hamel；　I。；　403。）



＇29＇　Decree　of　Frimaire　18；　year　II。　　…　Note　the　restrictions：　〃The

convention；　in　the　foregoing　arrangement；　has　no　idea　of　derogating

from　any　law　or　precaution　for　public　safety　against　refractory　or

turbulent　priests；　or　against　those　who　might　attempt　to　abuse　the

pretext　of　religion　in　order　to　compromise　the　cause　of　liberty。　　Nor

does　it　mean　to　disapprove　of　what　has　thus　far　been　done　by　virtue　of

the　ordinances　of　representatives　of　the　people；　nor　to　furnish

anybody　with　a　pretext　for　unsettling　patriotism　and　relaxing　the

energy　of　public　spirit。〃



＇30＇　Decrees　of　May　27；　and　August　26；　1792；　March　18；　April　21　and

October　20；　1793；　April　11；　and　May　11；　1794。　　…　Add　（Moniteur；　XIX。；

697）　the　decree　providing　for　the　confiscation　of　the　possessions　of

ecclesiastics　〃who　have　voluntarily　left　or　been　so　reported；　who　are

retired　as　old　or　inform；　or　who　have　preferred　transportation　to

retirement。〃　…　Ibid。；　XVIII。；　492；　（session　of　Frimaire　2）。　　A　speech

by　Forester。　　〃As　to　the　priesthood；　its　continuation　has　become　a

disgrace　and　even　a　crime。〃　…　Archives　Nationales；　AF。　　II。；　36。　　（An

order　by　Lequinio；　representative　of　the　people　of　Charante…Inférieur；

la　Vendée　and　Deux…Sèvres；　Saintes；　Nivose　1；　year　II。）　〃In　order　that

freedom　of　worship　may　exist　in　full　plenitude　it　is　forbidden　to　all

whom　it　may　concern　to　preach　or　write　in　favor　of　any　form　of　worship

or　religious　opinion　whatsoever。〃　And　especially　〃it　is　expressly

forbidden　to　any　former　minister；　belonging　to　any　religious　sect

whatever；　to　preach；　write　or　teach　morality　under　penalty　of　being

regarded　as　a　suspect　and；　as　such；　immediately　put　under　arrest。　　。

。　　。　　Every　man　who　undertakes　to　preach　any　religious　precepts

whatsoever　is；　by　that　fact；　culpable　before　the　people。　　He　violates

。　　。　　。　　social　equality；　which　does　not　permit　the　individual　to

publicly　raise　his　ideal　pretensions　above　those　of　his　neighbor。〃



＇31＇　Ludofic　Sciout；　〃Histoire　de　la　Constitution　Civile　du　clergé；〃

vols。　　III。　　and　IV。；　passim。　　…　Jules　Sauzay；　〃Histoire　de　la

persécution　révolutionaire　dans　le　Doubs；〃　vols。　　III。；　IV。；　V。；　and

VI。；　particularly　the　list；　at　the　end　of　the　work；　of　those　deported；

guillotined；　sent　into　the　interior　and　imprisoned。



＇32＇　Order　of　the　day　of　the　Convention　September　17；　1792；　circular

of　the　Executive　Council；　January　22；　1793；　decrees　of　the　Convention；

July　19；　August　12；　September　17；　November　15；　1793。　　…　Moniteur；

October；　and　November；　1793；　passim。　　（November　23；　Order　of　the　Paris

Commune；　closing　the　churches。）　…　In　relation　to　the　terror　the

constitutional　priests　were　under；　I　merely　give　the　following

extracts　（Archives　Nationales；　F7；31167）：　〃Citizen　Pontard；　bishop　of

the　department　of　Dordogne；　lodging　in　the　house　of　citizen　Bourbon；

No。　　66　faubourg　Saint…Honoré；　on　being　informed　that　there　was　an

article　in　a　newspaper　called　〃le　Republican〃　stating　that　a　meeting

of　priests　had　been　held　in　the　said　house；　declares　that　he　had　no

knowledge　of　it；　that　all　the　officers　in　charge　of　the　apartments　are

in　harmony　with　the　Revolution；　that；　if　he　had　had　occasion　to

suspect　such　a　circumstance；　he　would　have　move　out　immediately；　and

that　if　any　motive　can　possibly　be　detected　in　such　a　report　it　is　his

proposed　marriage　with　the　niece　of　citizen　Caminade；　an　excellent

patriot　and　captain　of　the　9th　company　of　the　Champs…Elysées　section；

a　marriage　which　puts　an　end　to　fanaticism　in　his　department；　unless

this　be　done　by　the　ordination　of　a　priest　à　la　sans…culotte　which　he

had　done　yesterday　in　the　chapel；　another　act　in　harmony　with　the

Revolution。　　It　is　well　to　add；　perhaps；　that　one　of　his　curés　now　in

Paris　has　cal