the origins of contemporary france-4- 第54部分

Convention；　November　5；　1792。）



＇155＇　All　these　statements　by　Robespierre　are　opposed　to　the　truth。　　…

（〃Procés…verbaux　des　Séances　de　la　Commune　de　Paris。〃）　Sep。　　1；　1792；

Robespierre　speaks　twice　at　the　evening　session。　　…　The　testimony　of

two　persons；　both　agreeing；　indicate；　moreover；　that　he　spoke　at　the

morning　session；　the　names　of　the　speakers　not　being　given。　　〃The

question；〃　says　Pétion　（Buchez　et　Roux；　XXI。；　103）；　〃was　the　decree

opening　the　barriers。〃　This　decree　is　under　discussion　at　the　Commune

at　the　morning　session　of　September　1：　〃Robespierre；　on　this　question；

spoke　in　the　most　animated　manner；　wandering　off　in　sombre　flights　of

imagination；　he　saw　precipices　at　his　feet　and　plots　of　liberticides；

he　designated　the　pretended　conspirators。〃…　Louvet　（ibid。；　130）；

assigns　the　same　date；　（except　that　he　takes　the　evening　for　the

morning　session）；　for　Robespierre's　first　denunciation　of　the

Girondists：　〃Nobody；　then；〃　says　Robespierre；　〃dare　name　the　traitors？

Very　well；　I　denounce　them。　　I　denounce　them　for　the　security　of　the

people。　　I　denounce　the　liberticide　Brissot；　the　Girondist　faction；

the　villainous　committee　of　twenty…one　in　the　National　Assembly。　　I

denounce　them　for　having　sold　France　to　Brunswick　and　for　having

received　pay　in　advance　for　their　baseness。〃　…　Sep。　　2；　（〃Procès

verbaux　de　la　Commune；〃　evening　session）；　〃MM。　Billaud…Varennes　and

Robespierre；　in　developing　their　civic　sentiments；　。　　。　　denounce　to

the　Conseil…Général　the　conspirators　in　favor　of　the　Duke　of

Brunswick；　whom　a　powerful　party　want　to　put　on　the　throne　of　France。〃

…　September　3；　at　6　o'clock　in　the　morning；　（Buchez　et　Roux；　16；　132；

letter　of　Louvet）；　commissioners　of　the　Commune　present　themselves　at

Brissot's　house　with　an　order　to　inspect　his　papers；　one　of　them　says

to　Brissot　that　he　has　eight　similar　orders　against　the　Gironde

deputies　and　that　he　is　to　begin　with　Guadet。　　（Letter　of　Brissot

complaining　of　this　visit；　Monitur；　Sep。　　7；　1792。）　This　same　day；

Sep。　　31　Robespierre　presides　at　the　Commune。　　（Granier　de　Cassagnac；

〃Les　Girondins〃　II。；　63。）　It　is　here　that　a　deputation　of　the

Mauconseil　section　comes　to　find　him；　and　he　is　charged　by　the

〃Conseil〃　with　a　commission　at　the　Temple。　　…　Sept。　　4　（Buchez　et

Roux；　XXI。；　106；　Speech　of　Petion）；　the　Commune　issues　a　warrant　of

arrest　against　Roland；　Danton　comes　to　the　Mayoralty　with　Robespierre

and　has　the　warrant　revoked；　Robespierre　ends　by　telling　Petion：　〃　I

believe　that　Brissot　belongs　to　Brunswick。〃　…　Ibid。；　506。

〃Robespierre　（before　Sept。　　2）；　took　the　lead　in　the　Conseil〃…　Ibid。；

107。　　〃　Robespierre；〃　I　said；　〃you　are　making　a　good　deal　of　mischief。

Your　denunciations；　your　fears；　hatreds　and　suspicions；　excite　the

people。〃



＇156＇　Garat；　86。…Cf。　　Hamel；　I。；　264。　　（Speech；　June　9；　1791。）



＇157＇　〃The　Revolution；〃　II。；　338；　339。　　（Speech。　　Aug。　　3；　1792。）



＇158＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXIII。；　420。　　（Speech；　Thermidor　8。）



＇159＇　Ibid。；　XXXII。；　71。　　（Speech　against　Danton。）　〃What　have　you　done

that　you　have　not　done　freely？〃



＇160＇　Ibid。；　XXXIII。；　199　and　221。　　（Speech　on　the　law　of　Prairial

22。）



＇161＇　Mirabeau　said　of　Robespierre：　〃Whatever　that　man　has　said；　he

believes　in　it。　　…　Robespierre；　Duplay's　guest；　dined　every　day　with

Duplay；　a　juryman　in　the　revolutionary　tribunal　and　co…operator　for

the　guillotine；　at　eighteen　francs　a　day。　　The　talk　at　the　table

probably　turned　on　the　current　abstractions；　but　there　must　have　been

frequent　allusions　to　the　condemnations　of　the　day；　and；　even　when　not

mentioned；　they　were　in　their　minds。　　Only　Robert　Browning；　at　the

present　day；　could　imagine　and　revive　what　was　spoken　and　thought　in

those　evening　conversations　before　the　mother　and　daughters。



＇162＇　Today；　more　than　100　years　later；　where　are　we？　Is　it　possible

that　man　can　thus　lie　to　himself　and　hence　to　others？　Robert　Wright；

in　his　book　〃The　Moral　Animal〃；　describing　〃The　New　Science　of

Evolutionary　Psychology〃；　writes　（page　280）：　〃The　proposition　here　is

that　the　human　brain　is；　in　large　part；　a　machine　for　winning

arguments；　a　machine　for　convincing　others　that　its　owner　is　in　the

right　…　and　thus　a　machine　for　convincing　its　owner　of　the　same　thing。

The　brain　is　like　a　good　lawyer：　given　any　set　of　interests　to　defend；

its　sets　about　convincing　the　world　of　their　moral　and　logical　worth；

regardless　of　whether　they　in　fact　have　any　of　either。　　Like　a　lawyer；

it　is　sometimes　more　admirable　for　skill　than　for　virtue。〃　（SR）。



＇163＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXIII。；　151。　　…　Cf。。　　Dauban；　〃Paris　en　1794；〃

p。386　（engraving）　and　392；　Fête　de　l'être　Suprême　à　Sceaux；〃　according

to　the　programme　drawn　up　by　the　patriot　Palloy。　　〃All　citizens　are

requested　to　be　at　their　windows　or　doors；　even　those　occupying　the

rear　part　of　the　main　buildings。〃…　Ibid。；　399。　　〃Youthful　citizens

will　strew　flowers　at　each　station；　fathers　will　embrace　their

children　and　mothers　turn　their　eyes　upward　to　heaven。〃　…　Moniteur；

XXX。；　653。　　〃Plan　of　the　fête　in　honor　of　the　Supreme　Being；　drawn　up

by　David；　and　decreed　by　the　National　Convention。〃



＇164＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXIII。；　176。　　（Narrative　by　Valate。）



＇165＇　Hamel；　III。；　541。



＇166＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXVIII。；　178；　180。



＇167＇　Ibid。；　177　（Narrative　by　Vilate。）　Ibid。；　170；　Notes　by

Robespierre　on　Bourdon　（de　l'Oise）　417。　　Passages　erased　by

Robespierre　in　the　manuscript　of　his　speech　of　Thermidor　8。　　…　249。

Analogous　passages　in　his　speech　as　delivered；　…　all　these　indications

enable　us　to　trace　the　depths　of　his　resentment。



＇168＇　Ibid。；　183。　　Memoirs　of　Billaud…Varennes；　Collot　d'Herbois；

Vadier　and　Barère。　　〃The　next　day　after　Prairial　22；　at　the　morning

session　（of　the　committee　of　Public　Safety）　。　　。　　。　　。　　I　now　see；

says　Robespierre；　that　I　stand　alone；　with　nobody　to　support　me；　and；

getting　violently　excited；　he　launched　out　against　the　members　of　the

committee　who　had　conspired　against　him。　　He　shouted　so　loud　as　to

collect　together　a　number　of　citizens　on　the　Tuileries　terrace。〃

Finally；　〃he　pushed　hypocrisy　so　far　as　to　shed　tears。〃　The　nervous

machine；　I　imagine；　broke　down。　　…　Another　member　of　the　committee；

Prieur；　（Carnot；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　525）；　relates　that；　in　the　month　of

Floréal；　after　another　equally　long　and　violent　session；　〃Robespierre；

exhausted；　became　ill。〃



＇169＇　Carnot；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。　　526。　　〃As　his　bureau　was　in　a　separate

place；　where　none　of　us　set　foot；　he　could　retire　to　it　without　coming

in　contact　with　any　of　us；　as　in　effect；　he　did。　　He　even　made　a

pretence　of　passing　through　the　committee　rooms；　after　the　session　was

over；　and　he　signed　some　papers；　but　he　really　neglected　nothing；

except　our　common　discussions。　　He　held　frequent　conferences　in　his

house　with　the　presidents　of　the　revolutionary　tribunals；　over　which

his　influence　was　greater　than　ever。〃



＇170＇　Dauban；　〃Paris　en　1794；〃　563。　　…　Archives　Nationales；　AF。II。；

58。　　The　signature　of　Robespierre；　in　his　own　handwriting；　is　found

affixed　to　many　of　the　resolutions　of　the　Committee　of　Public　Safety；

passed　Thermidor　5　and　7；　and　those　of　St。　　Just　and　Couthon　after

this；　up　to　Thermidor　3；　6　and　7。　　On　the　register　of　the　minutes　of

the　Committee　of　Public　Safety；　Robespierre　is　always　recorded　as

present　at　all　meetings　between　Messidor　1　and　Thermidor　8；　inclusive。



＇171＇　Archives　Nationales；　F。7；　4438。　　Report　to　the　Committee　of

Public　Safety　by　Herman；　Commissioner　of　the　civil　and　Police

administrations　and　of　the　Courts；　Messidor　3；　year　II。　　〃The

committee　charged　with　a　general　surpervision　of　the　prisons；　and

obliged　to　recognize　that　all　the　rascals　mostly　concerned　with

liberticide　plots　are。　　。　　。　　。　　still　in　the　prisons；　forming　a　band

apart；　and　rendering　surveillance　very　troublesome；　they　are　a

constant　source　of　disorder；　always　getting　up　attempts　to　escape；

being　a　daily　assemblage　of　persons　devoting　themselves　wholly　to

imprecations　against　liberty　and　its　defenders。　　。　　。　　。　　It　would　be

easy　to　point　out　in　each　prison；　those　who　have　served；　and　are　to

serve；　the　diverse　factions；　the　diverse　conspiracies。　　。　　。　　。　　It

may　be　necessary；　perhaps；　to　purge　the　prisons　at　once　and　free　the

soil　of　liberty　of　their　filth；　the　refuse　of　humanity。〃　The　Committee

of　Public　Safety　consequently　〃charges　the　commission　to　ascertain　in

the　prisons　of　Paris。　　。　　。　　who　have　been　more　specially　concerned　in

the　diverse　factions　and　conspiracies　that　the　National　convention　has

destroyed。〃　The　word　〃approved〃　appears　at　the　foot　of　the　resolution

in　Robespierre's　handwriting；　then　the　signature　of　Robespierre；　and

lower　down；　those　of　Billaud　and　Barère。　　A　similar　resolution

providing　for　the　7th　of　Messidor；　signed　by　the　same　parties　and　five

others；　is　dispatched　the　same　day。　　（M。　de　Martel　came　across　and

made　use　of　this　conclusive　document　before　I　did；　most　of　it　being

quoted