ore a melancholy song is heard：
〃Oh； o…o…o； once more！〃
The steamer passes many rafts； splashing them with waves。 The beams are in continual motion under the blows of the waves； the men on the rafts in blue shirts； staggering； look at the steamer and laugh and shout something。 The big； beautiful vessel goes sidewise on the river； the yellow scantlings with which it is loaded sparkle like gold and are dimly reflected in the muddy； vernal water。 A passenger steamer comes from the opposite side and whistlesthe resounding echo of the whistle loses itself in the woods； in the gorges of the mountainous bank； and dies away there。 In the middle of the river the waves stirred up by the two vessels strike against one another and splash against the steamers' sides； and the vessels are rocked upon the water。 On the slope of the mountainous bank are verdant carpets of winter corn； brown strips of fallow ground and black strips of ground tilled for spring corn。 Birds； like little dots； soar over them； and are clearly seen in the blue canopy of the sky； nearby a flock is grazing； in the distance they look like children's toys； the small figure of the shepherd stands leaning on a staff； and looks at the river。
The glare of the water freedom and liberty are everywhere； the meadows are cheerfully verdant and the blue sky is tenderly clear； a restrained power is felt in the quiet motion of the water； above it the generous May sun is shining； the air is filled with the exquisite odour of fir trees and of fresh foliage。 And the banks keep on meeting them； caressing the eyes and the soul with their beauty； as new pictures constantly unfold themselves。
Everything surrounding them bears the stamp of some kind of tardiness： allnature as well as menlive there clumsily； lazily； but in that laziness there is an odd gracefulness； and it seems as though beyond the laziness a colossal power were concealed； an invincible power； but as yet deprived of consciousness； as yet without any definite desires and aims。 And the absence of consciousness in this half…slumbering life throws shades of sadness over all the beautiful slope。 Submissive patience； silent hope for something new and more inspiriting are heard even in the cry of the cuckoo； wafted to the river by the wind from the shore。 The melancholy songs sound as though imploring someone for help。 And at times there is in them a ring of despair。 The river answers the songs with sighs。 And the tree… tops shake； lost in meditation。 Silence。
Foma spent all day long on the captain's bridge beside his father。 Without uttering a word； he stared wide…eyed at the endless panorama of the banks； and it seemed to him he was moving along a broad silver path in those wonderful kingdoms inhabited by the sorcerers and giants of his familiar fairy…tales。 At times he would load his father with questions about everything that passed before them。 Ignat answered him willingly and concisely； but the boy was not pleased with his answers； they contained nothing interesting and intelligible to him； and he did not hear what he longed to hear。 Once he told his father with a sigh：
〃Auntie Anfisa knows better than you。〃
〃What does she know？〃 asked Ignat； smiling。
〃Everything；〃 replied the boy； convincedly。
No wonderful kingdom appeared before him。 But often cities appeared on the banks of the river； just such cities as the one where Foma lived。 Some of them were larger； some smaller； but the people； and the houses； and the churchesall were the same as in his own city。 Foma examined them in company with his father； but was still unsatisfied and returned to the steamer gloomy and fatigued。
〃Tomorrow we shall be in Astrakhan；〃 said Ignat one day。
〃And is it just the same as the other cities？〃
〃Of course。 How else should it be？〃
〃And what is beyond Astrakhan？〃
〃The sea。 The Caspian Sea it is called。〃
〃And what is there？〃
〃Fishes； queer fellow！ What else can there be in the water？〃
〃There's the city Kitezh standing in the water。〃
〃That's a different thing！ That's Kitezh。 Only righteous people live there。〃
〃And are there no righteous cities on the sea？〃
No；〃 said Ignat； and； after a moment's silence； added： 〃The sea water is bitter and nobody can drink it。〃
〃And is there more land beyond the sea？〃
〃Certainly； the sea must have an end。 It is like a cup。〃
〃And are there cities there too？〃
〃Again cities。 Of course！ Only that land is not ours； it belongs to Persia。 Did you see the Persians selling pistachio…nuts and apricots in the market？〃
〃Yes； I saw them；〃 replied Foma； and became pensive。
One day he asked his father：
〃Is there much more land left？〃
〃The earth is very big； my dear！ If you should go on foot； you couldn't go around it even in ten years。〃
Ignat talked for a long time with his son about the size of the earth； and said at length：
〃And yet no one knows for certain how big it really is； nor where it ends。〃
〃And is everything alike on earth？〃
〃What do you mean？〃
〃The cities and all？〃
〃Well； of course； the cities are like cities。 There are houses； streetsand everything that is necessary。〃
After many similar conversations the boy no longer stared so often into the distance with the interrogative look of his black eyes。
The crew of the steamer loved him； and he； too； loved those fine； sun…burnt and weather…beaten fellows； who laughingly played with him。 They made fishing tackles for him； and little boats out of bark； played with him and rowed him about the anchoring place； when Ignat went to town on business。 The boy often heard the men talking about his father； but he paid no attention to what they said； and never told his father what he heard about him。 But one day； in Astrakhan； while the steamer was taking in a cargo of fuel； Foma heard the voice of Petrovich； the machinist：
〃He ordered such a lot of wood to be taken in。 What an absurd man！ First he loads the steamer up to the very deck； and then he roars。 'You break the machinery too often；' he says。 'You pour oil；' he says； 'at random。'〃
The voice of the gray and stern pilot replied：
〃It's all his exorbitant greediness。 Fuel is cheaper here； so he is taking all he can。 He is greedy； the devil！〃
〃Oh； how greedy！〃
This word； repeated many times in succession； fixed itself in Foma's memory； and in the evening； at supper； he suddenly asked his father：
〃Papa！〃
〃What？〃
〃Are you greedy？〃
In reply to his father's questions Foma told him of the conversation between the pilot and the machinist。 Ignat's face became gloomy； and his eyes began to flash angrily。
〃That's how it is；〃 ejaculated Ignat； shaking his head。 〃Well； youdon't you listen to them。 They are not your equals； don't have so much to do with them。 You are their master； they are your servants； understand that。 If we choose to； we can put every one of them ashore。 They are cheap and they can be found everywhere like dogs。 Understand？ They may say many bad things about me。 But they say them； because I am their master。 The whole thing arises because I am fortunate and rich； and the rich are always envied。 A happy man is everybody's enemy。〃
About two days later there was a new pilot and another machinist on the steamer。
〃And where is Yakov？〃 asked the boy。
〃I discharged him。 I ordered him away。〃
〃For that？〃 queried Foma。
〃Yes； for that very thing。〃
〃And Petrovich； too？〃
〃Yes； I sent him the same way。〃
Foma was pleased with the fact that his father was able to change the men so quickly。 He smiled to his father； and； coming out on the deck； walked up to a sailor； who sat on the floor； untwisting a piece of rope and making a swab。
〃We have a new pilot here；〃 announced Foma。
〃I know。 Good health to you； Foma Ignatich！ How did you sleep？〃
〃And a new machinist； too。〃
〃And a new machinist。 Are you sorry for Petrovich？〃
〃Really？ And he was so good to you。〃
〃Well； why did he abuse my father？〃
〃Oh？ Did he abuse him？〃
〃Of course he did。 I heard it myself。〃
〃Mmand your father heard it； too？〃
〃No； I told him。〃
〃Youso〃drawled the sailor and became silent； taking up his work again。
〃And papa says to me： 'You；' he says； 'you are master hereyou can drive them all away if you wish。'〃
〃So；〃 said the sailor； gloomily looking at the boy； who was so enthusiastically boasting to him of his supreme power。 From that day on Foma noticed that the crew did not regard him as before。 Some became more obliging and kind； others did not care to speak to him； and when they did speak to him； it was done angrily； and not at all entertainingly； as before。 Foma liked to watch while the deck was being washed： their trousers rolled up to their knees； or sometimes taken off altogether； the sailors； with swabs and brushes in their hands； cleverly ran about the deck； emptying pails of water on it； besprinkling one another； laughing； shouting； falling。 Streams of water ran in every direction； and the lively noise of the men intermingled with the gray splash of the water。 Before； the boy never bothered the sailors in this playful and light work； nay； he took an active part； besprinkling them with water and laughingly running away； when they threatened to pour water over him。 But after Yakov an