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Key Words and Expressions：
similarities，differences，homework，attend classes，call the parents，under the supervision of，treated as adults，study hard，enjoy sports and games，talk with friends and classmates
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第三十一单元 给出题目作文Title…Given position
31．1 Introduction
A title…given position requires students to grasp the ideas
expressed in the title，and to create a piece of writing that has unity，support and coherence． Because there is no hints or any
extra information in addition to the title．This kind of writing is paratively difficult．But students may have a lot of
freedom in writing．
Sample Test Item
Directions：Write a position on the topic“Should Firecrackers Be Banned？”Your position should be at least 100words．Remember to support the main idea
with details and make your conclusion．Coherence is also important．
Write clearly．
31．2 Advice on How to Write the position
1）Examine the title carefully and make sure that you understand the
main idea of the title；
2）Organize your ideas and write out an outline；
3）Produce a topic sentence for each paragraph；
4）Draft your essay．
31．3 Analysis of the Sample Test Item
1）Main idea of the title
The controlling idea is“firecrackers”．You seem to have a lot to write about．But your topic has been limited by the sentence“Should…be banned？”It is an interrogative sentence，so it must be a controversial topic．
2）Outline of the sample
Since it is a controversial topic，different opinions must exist．Thus，it is
advisable to write out the conflicting opinions of different people．
a．different
people have different opinions
b．good—reflects the heritage of Chinese
culture
adds much to the warm atmosphere
adds emjoyment of people
bad—brings great
economic loss to the country
causes certain disorder in the society
pollutes our environment
c．Your own
opinion and conclusion
3）Topic Sentence of each paragraph
① Firecrackers have been used in
China for hundreds of years．
② People in China have different
opinions about setting off firecrackers．
③ In my opinion，setting off firecrackers should be
banned．
Model Essay 31…1
Should Firecrackers be
Banned？
Firecrackers have been used in China for hundreds of years．Firecrackers were always part of
New Year's celebrations，weddings and other important occasions．
In recent years，however，people in China have different opinions about the old custom of
setting off firecrackers．Some people think setting off firecrackers is a good thing，because it reflects the heritage of
Chinese culture．It also adds
much to the enjoyment of people and the warm atmosphere during important
holidays．But others，on the other hand，believe that setting off
firecrackers should be banned．The main reasons in their eyes are that it not only brings great
economic loss to the country，but also causes certain disorder in the society．Furthermore，it pollutes our environment．
In my opinion，setting off firecrackers should be banned．However，we should replace this old custom
with new enjoyable and safe ways of entertainment．Only then can we spend our holidays in a peaceful and joyful manner．
Exercise for Unit 31
Directions：（略） Is Failure a Bad Thing？
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第三十二单元 图表作文Writing a position According
to Tables and Graphs
32．1 Introduction
This kind of writing is an information interpretation process．The information may be given in
numbers，lines or
curves，etc．，usually a few explanations are
given．The
organization of the writing is essential to a good essay of tables and graphs．Generally，it is as follows：
General introduction——Analysis——Conclusion
概要介绍——分析图表——总结概括
That is，in the first paragraph，you have to demonstrate the general situation of what has been
reflected in the table or graph；Then，in the second
paragraph，you have to
analyse carefully the numbers，lines or curves，and point out the rate of increase or discrease；In the end，you have to write your own opinion
or ment．
Sample Test Item
Directions：Write a position based on the title and the following chart in no
less than 120 words．The causes are given under the horizontal line and the precentage of
the totalof 80 fire incidents is given in the vertical column on the left．write clearly．
Leading Causes of Fires in China（1987）
32．2 Basic Writing Process of the position
1）Have a correct understanding of the given information，and grasp the main idea；
2）Make a careful analysis of the information，for example，ask yourself the questions like：
a．Who or what
caused the fires？
b．What is the
relationship between cause and frequency of fires？
3）Write an outline；
4）Use the right technique of writing．（The most mon techniques used in this kind of writing is：parison and contrast．）
32．3 Analysis of the Sample Test Item
The main idea of the graph is：Fire causes．From the graph，we know that there are three main causes of fires：
a．Smokers （nearly50％）
b．Defective insulation （38％）
c．Children playing with matches （12％）
Thus，we can，by paring the above information，make a ment of the main topic，then reach a conclusion．
Model Essay 32…1
From the graph above，we can see that fire，one of the most terrible killers in China，is mainly caused by smokers，defective insulations or children
playing with matches．
In 1987，80 fire incidents took place in China．While nearly50％were caused by smokers，38％were caused
by defective insulation，and12％were caused
by children playing with matches．No matter what the type of the fire，we can almost be sure that they were caused by carelessness．
From the graph，we can conclude that smokers are the leading cause of fires，but we also need to educate our
children，warning them
of the dangers of playing with matches and instruct workers be more careful
with insulation．
Writing Assignment for
Unit 32
Directions：Write a position based on the statistical table about the total
amount of China import and export．Yourposition should be no less than 100 words．
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第三十三单元 英文书信写作English Letter Writing
33．1 Introduction
Letter writing tests the English letter writing skill of the
examinees．In this unit，we are going to focus on different
types of letter writing，their form and language．We will also give you some advice on how to write an effective
English letter．
33．2 Type of letters（信的类型）
English letters are generally divided into two types：
a．personal
letters个人书信
b．business
letters事务书信
33．3 Form（格式）
An English letter usually consists of six parts：heading（信头），inside address（收信人地址），salutation（称呼），body（信主体），plimentary close（结尾客套语）and signature（署名）．
1）Heading：In the upper right hand corner
of the first page，write your
full address and the date．
2）Inside Address：On the left side，above the salutation，put the name and full address of
the addressee．However，this is often omitted in personal
letters．
3）Salutation：The greeting to the addressee，written flush with the left margin，two spaces below the inside address．A ma follows the salutation in a
personal letter；in a business
letter，it is
followed by a colon（：）．Besides，in personal letters，first names are usually used，while in business letters，the surnames are used．
4）Body：The contents of the letter．
5）plimentary Close：The closing of a letter．
The conventional plimentary closes in business letters are：“Yours truly，”“Yours sincerely，”“Sincerely yours，”“Sincerely，”“Cordially yours，”“Yours cordially，”etc．
The close of a personal letter is of a more free choice．“Yours，”Affectionately，“Fondly，”“Yours with love，”“Love，”“With best wishes，”etc．
6）Signature：Put your name（always handwritten）．
The table below will give you a more visual presentation of the
letter form：