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and¡¡whatever¡¡things¡¡of¡¡them¡¡I¡¡may¡¡record¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡record¡¡only¡¡because¡¡I¡¡am¡¡

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concern¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡priests¡¡¡¡¡¡agreed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡saying¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡the¡¡

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year£»¡¡having¡¡divided¡¡the¡¡seasons¡¡into¡¡twelve¡¡parts¡¡to¡¡make¡¡up¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡

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extent¡¡more¡¡wisely¡¡than¡¡the¡¡Hellenes£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡inasmuch¡¡as¡¡the¡¡

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seasons¡¡¡¡¡¡right£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whereas¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Egyptians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡reckoning¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡twelve¡¡¡¡¡¡months¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

thirty¡¡days¡¡each£»¡¡bring¡¡in¡¡also¡¡every¡¡year¡¡five¡¡days¡¡beyond¡¡number£»¡¡and¡¡

thus¡¡the¡¡circle¡¡of¡¡their¡¡season¡¡is¡¡completed¡¡and¡¡comes¡¡round¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡

point¡¡whence¡¡it¡¡set¡¡out¡£¡¡They¡¡said¡¡moreover¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Egyptians¡¡were¡¡the¡¡

first¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡appellations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡twelve¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gods¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡



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figures¡¡on¡¡stones£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡¡¡greater¡¡number¡¡¡¡of¡¡these¡¡¡¡things¡¡

they¡¡showed¡¡me¡¡by¡¡actual¡¡facts¡¡that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡happened¡¡so¡£¡¡They¡¡said¡¡also¡¡

that¡¡the¡¡first¡¡man¡¡who¡¡became¡¡king¡¡of¡¡Egypt¡¡was¡¡Min£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡in¡¡his¡¡time¡¡

all¡¡¡¡¡¡Egypt¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡district¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Thebes¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡swamp£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡none¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

regions¡¡were¡¡then¡¡above¡¡water¡¡which¡¡now¡¡lie¡¡below¡¡the¡¡lake¡¡of¡¡Moiris£»¡¡to¡¡

which¡¡lake¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡voyage¡¡of¡¡seven¡¡days¡¡up¡¡the¡¡river¡¡from¡¡the¡¡sea£º¡¡and¡¡I¡¡

thought¡¡that¡¡they¡¡said¡¡well¡¡about¡¡the¡¡land£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡manifest¡¡in¡¡truth¡¡even¡¡to¡¡

a¡¡person¡¡who¡¡has¡¡not¡¡heard¡¡it¡¡beforehand¡¡but¡¡has¡¡only¡¡seen£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡if¡¡he¡¡

have¡¡understanding£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Egypt¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Hellenes¡¡come¡¡in¡¡ships¡¡is¡¡

a¡¡land¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡won¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Egyptians¡¡as¡¡an¡¡addition£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡

gift¡¡of¡¡the¡¡river£º¡¡moreover¡¡the¡¡regions¡¡which¡¡lie¡¡above¡¡this¡¡lake¡¡also¡¡for¡¡a¡¡

distance¡¡of¡¡three¡¡days'¡¡sail£»¡¡about¡¡which¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡go¡¡on¡¡to¡¡say¡¡anything¡¡

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approaching¡¡it¡¡in¡¡a¡¡ship¡¡and¡¡are¡¡distant¡¡a¡¡day's¡¡run¡¡from¡¡the¡¡land£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡let¡¡

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the¡¡Gulf¡¡of¡¡Plinthine¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Serbonian¡¡lake£»¡¡along¡¡which¡¡stretches¡¡Mount¡¡

Casion£»¡¡from¡¡this¡¡lake¡¡then¡¡the¡¡sixty¡¡/schoines/¡¡are¡¡reckoned£º¡¡for¡¡those¡¡of¡¡

men¡¡who¡¡are¡¡poor¡¡in¡¡land¡¡have¡¡their¡¡country¡¡measured¡¡by¡¡fathoms£»¡¡those¡¡

who¡¡are¡¡less¡¡poor¡¡by¡¡furlongs£»¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡much¡¡land¡¡by¡¡parasangs£»¡¡

and¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡land¡¡in¡¡very¡¡great¡¡abundance¡¡by¡¡/schoines/£º¡¡now¡¡the¡¡

parasang¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡equal¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡thirty¡¡¡¡furlongs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡/schoine/£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡an¡¡

Egyptian¡¡measure£»¡¡is¡¡equal¡¡to¡¡sixty¡¡furlongs¡£¡¡So¡¡there¡¡would¡¡be¡¡an¡¡extent¡¡

of¡¡three¡¡thousand¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡furlongs¡¡for¡¡the¡¡coast¡­land¡¡of¡¡Egypt¡£¡¡From¡¡

thence¡¡and¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡Heliopolis¡¡inland¡¡Egypt¡¡is¡¡broad£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡land¡¡is¡¡all¡¡

flat¡¡and¡¡without¡¡springs¡¡of¡¡water¡¡and¡¡formed¡¡of¡¡mud£º¡¡and¡¡the¡¡road¡¡as¡¡one¡¡

goes¡¡inland¡¡from¡¡the¡¡sea¡¡to¡¡Heliopolis¡¡is¡¡about¡¡the¡¡same¡¡in¡¡length¡¡as¡¡that¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡leads¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡altar¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡twelve¡¡gods¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡Athens¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Pisa¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

temple¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Olympian¡¡¡¡¡¡Zeus£º¡¡¡¡¡¡reckoning¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡difference¡¡



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very¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡roads¡¡¡¡¡¡fail¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡equal¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡length£»¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

indeed¡¡than¡¡fifteen¡¡furlongs£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡road¡¡from¡¡Athens¡¡to¡¡Pisa¡¡wants¡¡fifteen¡¡

furlongs¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡fifteen¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred£»¡¡¡¡while¡¡the¡¡¡¡road¡¡to¡¡Heliopolis¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡

sea¡¡reaches¡¡that¡¡number¡¡completely¡£¡¡From¡¡Heliopolis¡¡however£»¡¡as¡¡you¡¡go¡¡

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Arabia¡¡stretches¡¡along¡¡by¡¡the¡¡side¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡going¡¡in¡¡a¡¡direction¡¡from¡¡the¡¡North¡¡

towards¡¡the¡¡midday¡¡and¡¡the¡¡South¡¡Wind£»¡¡tending¡¡upwards¡¡without¡¡a¡¡break¡¡

to¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡called¡¡the¡¡Erythraian¡¡Sea£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡range¡¡are¡¡the¡¡stone¡­¡¡

quarries¡¡which¡¡were¡¡used¡¡in¡¡cutting¡¡stone¡¡for¡¡the¡¡pyramids¡¡at¡¡Memphis¡£¡¡

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turn¡¡back£»¡¡and¡¡where¡¡it¡¡is¡¡widest£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡was¡¡informed£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡journey¡¡of¡¡two¡¡

months¡¡across¡¡from¡¡East¡¡to¡¡West£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡borders¡¡of¡¡it¡¡which¡¡turn¡¡towards¡¡

the¡¡East¡¡are¡¡said¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡frankincense¡£¡¡Such¡¡then¡¡is¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡this¡¡

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extends£»¡¡rocky¡¡and¡¡enveloped¡¡in¡¡sand£º¡¡in¡¡this¡¡are¡¡the¡¡pyramids£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡runs¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡direction¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡parts¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Arabian¡¡¡¡¡¡mountains¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡

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Arabian¡¡mountains¡¡to¡¡those¡¡which¡¡are¡¡called¡¡the¡¡Libyan¡£¡¡After¡¡this¡¡again¡¡

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put¡¡together£»¡¡the¡¡result¡¡is¡¡as¡¡follows£ºI¡¡have¡¡already¡¡before¡¡this¡¡shown¡¡that¡¡

the¡¡distance¡¡along¡¡the¡¡sea¡¡amounts¡¡to¡¡three¡¡thousand¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡furlongs£»¡¡

and¡¡I¡¡will¡¡now¡¡declare¡¡what¡¡the¡¡distance¡¡is¡¡inland¡¡from¡¡the¡¡sea¡¡to¡¡Thebes£»¡¡

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distance¡¡from¡¡Thebes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡city¡¡called¡¡Elephantine¡¡is¡¡one¡¡thousand¡¡eight¡¡

hundred¡¡furlongs¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡this¡¡land¡¡then£»¡¡concerning¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡spoken£»¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡myself¡¡

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should¡¡turn¡¡aside¡¡into¡¡this¡¡Arabian¡¡gulf£»¡¡what¡¡would¡¡hinder¡¡that¡¡gulf¡¡from¡¡
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