and left behind it a number of yellow grooves （stuffed with putty）； lay a pile of finely written manuscript； an overturned marble press （turning green）； an ancient book in a leather cover with red edges； a lemon dried and shrunken to the dimensions of a hazelnut； the broken arm of a chair； a tumbler containing the dregs of some liquid and three flies （the whole covered over with a sheet of notepaper）； a pile of rags； two ink…encrusted pens； and a yellow toothpick with which the master of the house had picked his teeth （apparently） at least before the coming of the French to Moscow。 As for the walls； they were hung with a medley of pictures。 Among the latter was a long engraving of a battle scene； wherein soldiers in three…cornered hats were brandishing huge drums and slender lances。 It lacked a glass； and was set in a frame ornamented with bronze fretwork and bronze corner rings。 Beside it hung a huge； grimy oil painting representative of some flowers and fruit； half a water melon； a boar's head； and the pendent form of a dead wild duck。 Attached to the ceiling there was a chandelier in a holland coveringthe covering so dusty as closely to resemble a huge cocoon enclosing a caterpillar。 Lastly； in one corner of the room lay a pile of articles which had evidently been adjudged unworthy of a place on the table。 Yet what the pile consisted of it would have been difficult to say； seeing that the dust on the same was so thick that any hand which touched it would have at once resembled a glove。 Prominently protruding from the pile was the shaft of a wooden spade and the antiquated sole of a shoe。 Never would one have supposed that a living creature had tenanted the room； were it not that the presence of such a creature was betrayed by the spectacle of an old nightcap resting on the table。
Whilst Chichikov was gazing at this extraordinary mess； a side door opened and there entered the housekeeper who had met him near the outbuildings。 But now Chichikov perceived this person to be a man rather than a woman； since a female housekeeper would have had no beard to shave； whereas the chin of the newcomer； with the lower portion of his cheeks； strongly resembled the curry…comb which is used for grooming horses。 Chichikov assumed a questioning air； and waited to hear what the housekeeper might have to say。 The housekeeper did the same。 At length； surprised at the misunderstanding； Chichikov decided to ask the first question。
〃Is the master at home？〃 he inquired。
〃Yes；〃 replied the person addressed。
〃Then were is he？〃 continued Chichikov。
〃Are you blind； my good sir？〃 retorted the other。 〃_I_ am the master。〃
Involuntarily our hero started and stared。 During his travels it had befallen him to meet various types of mensome of them； it may be； types which you and I have never encountered； but even to Chichikov this particular species was new。 In the old man's face there was nothing very specialit was much like the wizened face of many another dotard； save that the chin was so greatly projected that whenever he spoke he was forced to wipe it with a handkerchief to avoid dribbling； and that his small eyes were not yet grown dull； but twinkled under their overhanging brows like the eyes of mice when； with attentive ears and sensitive whiskers； they snuff the air and peer forth from their holes to see whether a cat or a boy may not be in the vicinity。 No； the most noticeable feature about the man was his clothes。 In no way could it have been guessed of what his coat was made； for both its sleeves and its skirts were so ragged and filthy as to defy description； while instead of two posterior tails； there dangled four of those appendages； with； projecting from them； a torn newspaper。 Also； around his neck there was wrapped something which might have been a stocking； a garter； or a stomacher； but was certainly not a tie。 In short； had Chichikov chanced to encounter him at a church door； he would have bestowed upon him a copper or two （for； to do our hero justice； he had a sympathetic heart and never refrained from presenting a beggar with alms）； but in the present case there was standing before him； not a mendicant； but a landownerand a landowner possessed of fully a thousand serfs； the superior of all his neighbours in wealth of flour and grain； and the owner of storehouses； and so forth； that were crammed with homespun cloth and linen； tanned and undressed sheepskins； dried fish； and every conceivable species of produce。 Nevertheless； such a phenomenon is rare in Russia； where the tendency is rather to prodigality than to parsimony。
For several minutes Plushkin stood mute； while Chichikov remained so dazed with the appearance of the host and everything else in the room； that he too； could not begin a conversation； but stood wondering how best to find words in which to explain the object of his visit。 For a while he thought of expressing himself to the effect that； having heard so much of his host's benevolence and other rare qualities of spirit； he had considered it his duty to come and pay a tribute of respect； but presently even HE came to the conclusion that this would be overdoing the thing； and； after another glance round the room； decided that the phrase 〃benevolence and other rare qualities of spirit〃 might to advantage give place to 〃economy and genius for method。〃 Accordingly； the speech mentally composed； he said aloud that； having heard of Plushkin's talents for thrifty and systematic management； he had considered himself bound to make the acquaintance of his host； and to present him with his personal compliments （I need hardly say that Chichikov could easily have alleged a better reason； had any better one happened； at the moment； to have come into his head）。
With toothless gums Plushkin murmured something in reply； but nothing is known as to its precise terms beyond that it included a statement that the devil was at liberty to fly away with Chichikov's sentiments。 However； the laws of Russian hospitality do not permit even of a miser infringing their rules； wherefore Plushkin added to the foregoing a more civil invitation to be seated。
〃It is long since I last received a visitor；〃 he went on。 〃Also； I feel bound to say that I can see little good in their coming。 Once introduce the abominable custom of folk paying calls； and forthwith there will ensue such ruin to the management of estates that landowners will be forced to feed their horses on hay。 Not for a long； long time have I eaten a meal away from homealthough my own kitchen is a poor one； and has its chimney in such a state that； were it to become overheated； it would instantly catch fire。〃
〃What a brute！〃 thought Chichikov。 〃I am lucky to have got through so much pastry and stuffed shoulder of mutton at Sobakevitch's！〃
〃Also；〃 went on Plushkin； 〃I am ashamed to say that hardly a wisp of fodder does the place contain。 But how can I get fodder？ My lands are small； and the peasantry lazy fellows who hate work and think of nothing but the tavern。 In the end； therefore； I shall be forced to go and spend my old age in roaming about the world。〃
〃But I have been told that you possess over a thousand serfs？〃 said Chichikov。
〃Who told you that？ No matter who it was； you would have been justified in giving him the lie。 He must have been a jester who wanted to make a fool of you。 A thousand souls； indeed！ Why； just reckon the taxes on them； and see what there would be left！ For these three years that accursed fever has been killing off my serfs wholesale。〃
〃Wholesale； you say？〃 echoed Chichikov； greatly interested。
〃Yes； wholesale；〃 replied the old man。
〃Then might I ask you the exact number？〃
〃Fully eighty。〃
〃Surely not？〃
〃But it is so。〃
〃Then might I also ask whether it is from the date of the last census revision that you are reckoning these souls？〃
〃Yes； damn it！ And since that date I have been bled for taxes upon a hundred and twenty souls in all。〃
〃Indeed？ Upon a hundred and twenty souls in all！〃 And Chichikov's surprise and elation were such that； this said； he remained sitting open…mouthed。
〃Yes； good sir；〃 replied Plushkin。 〃I am too old to tell you lies； for I have passed my seventieth year。〃
Somehow he seemed to have taken offence at Chichikov's almost joyous exclamation； wherefore the guest hastened to heave a profound sigh； and to observe that he sympathised to the full with his host's misfortunes。
〃But sympathy does not put anything into one's pocket；〃 retorted Plushkin。 〃For instance； I have a kinsman who is constantly plaguing me。 He is a captain in the army； damn him； and all day he does nothing but call me 'dear uncle；' and kiss my hand； and express sympathy until I am forced to stop my ears。 You see； he has squandered all his money upon his brother…officers； as well as made a fool of himself with an actress； so now he spends his time in telling me that he has a sympathetic heart！〃
Chichikov hastened to explain that HIS sympathy had nothing in common with the captain's； since he dealt； not in empty words alone； but in actual deeds； in proof of which he was ready then and there （for the purpose of cutting the matter short； and of dispensing with circumlocution） to transfer to himself the obligation of paying t