iew： from the political； from the philosophical； and from the religious； as well as to resolve various problems which had arisen to confront the Empire； and to define clearly the great future to which the country stood ordained。 In short； it was to be the species of compilation in which the man of the day so much delights。 Yet the colossal undertaking had progressed but little beyond the sphere of projection； since； after a pen had been gnawed awhile； and a few strokes had been committed to paper； the whole would be laid aside in favour of the reading of some book； and that reading would continue also during luncheon and be followed by the lighting of a pipe； the playing of a solitary game of chess； and the doing of more or less nothing for the rest of the day。
The foregoing will give the reader a pretty clear idea of the manner in which it was possible for this man of thirty…three to waste his time。 Clad constantly in slippers and a dressing…gown； Tientietnikov never went out； never indulged in any form of dissipation； and never walked upstairs。 Nothing did he care for fresh air； and would bestow not a passing glance upon all those beauties of the countryside which moved visitors to such ecstatic admiration。 From this the reader will see that Andrei Ivanovitch Tientietnikov belonged to that band of sluggards whom we always have with us； and who； whatever be their present appellation； used to be known by the nicknames of 〃lollopers；〃 〃bed pressers；〃 and 〃marmots。〃 Whether the type is a type originating at birth； or a type resulting from untoward circumstances in later life； it is impossible to say。 A better course than to attempt to answer that question would be to recount the story of Tientietnikov's boyhood and upbringing。
Everything connected with the latter seemed to promise success； for at twelve years of age the boykeen…witted； but dreamy of temperament； and inclined to delicacywas sent to an educational establishment presided over by an exceptional type of master。 The idol of his pupils； and the admiration of his assistants； Alexander Petrovitch was gifted with an extraordinary measure of good sense。 How thoroughly he knew the peculiarities of the Russian of his day！ How well he understood boys！ How capable he was of drawing them out！ Not a practical joker in the school but； after perpetrating a prank； would voluntarily approach his preceptor and make to him free confession。 True； the preceptor would put a stern face upon the matter； yet the culprit would depart with head held higher； not lower； than before； since in Alexander Petrovitch there was something which heartenedsomething which seemed to say to a delinquent： 〃Forward you！ Rise to your feet again； even though you have fallen！〃 Not lectures on good behaviour was it； therefore； that fell from his lips； but rather the injunction； 〃I want to see intelligence； and nothing else。 The boy who devotes his attention to becoming clever will never play the fool； for under such circumstances； folly disappears of itself。〃 And so folly did； for the boy who failed to strive in the desired direction incurred the contempt of all his comrades； and even dunces and fools of senior standing did not dare to raise a finger when saluted by their juniors with opprobrious epithets。 Yet 〃This is too much；〃 certain folk would say to Alexander。 〃The result will be that your students will turn out prigs。〃 〃But no；〃 he would reply。 〃Not at all。 You see； I make it my principle to keep the incapables for a single term only； since that is enough for them； but to the clever ones I allot a double course of instruction。〃 And； true enough； any lad of brains was retained for this finishing course。 Yet he did not repress all boyish playfulness； since he declared it to be as necessary as a rash to a doctor； inasmuch as it enabled him to diagnose what lay hidden within。
Consequently； how the boys loved him！ Never was there such an attachment between master and pupils。 And even later； during the foolish years； when foolish things attract； the measure of affection which Alexander Petrovitch retained was extraordinary。 In fact； to the day of his death； every former pupil would celebrate the birthday of his late master by raising his glass in gratitude to the mentor dead and buriedthen close his eyelids upon the tears which would come trickling through them。 Even the slightest word of encouragement from Alexander Petrovitch could throw a lad into a transport of tremulous joy； and arouse in him an honourable emulation of his fellows。 Boys of small capacity he did not long retain in his establishment； whereas those who possessed exceptional talent he put through an extra course of schooling。 This senior classa class composed of specially…selected pupilswas a very different affair from what usually obtains in other colleges。 Only when a boy had attained its ranks did Alexander demand of him what other masters indiscreetly require of mere infantsnamely the superior frame of mind which； while never indulging in mockery； can itself bear ridicule； and disregard the fool； and keep its temper； and repress itself； and eschew revenge； and calmly； proudly retain its tranquillity of soul。 In short； whatever avails to form a boy into a man of assured character； that did Alexander Petrovitch employ during the pupil's youth； as well as constantly put him to the test。 How well he understood the art of life！
Of assistant tutors he kept but few； since most of the necessary instruction he imparted in person； and； without pedantic terminology and inflated diction and views； could so transmit to his listeners the inmost spirit of a lesson that even the youngest present absorbed its essential elements。 Also； of studies he selected none but those which may help a boy to become a good citizen； and therefore most of the lectures which he delivered consisted of discourses on what may be awaiting a youth； as well as of such demarcations of life's field that the pupil； though seated； as yet； only at the desk； could beforehand bear his part in that field both in thought and spirit。 Nor did the master CONCEAL anything。 That is to say； without mincing words； he invariably set before his hearers the sorrows and the difficulties which may confront a man； the trials and the temptations which may beset him。 And this he did in terms as though； in every possible calling and capacity； he himself had experienced the same。 Consequently； either the vigorous development of self…respect or the constant stimulus of the master's eye （which seemed to say to the pupil； 〃Forward！〃that word which has become so familiar to the contemporary Russian； that word which has worked such wonders upon his sensitive temperament）； one or the other； I repeat； would from the first cause the pupil to tackle difficulties； and only difficulties； and to hunger for prowess only where the path was arduous； and obstacles were many； and it was necessary to display the utmost strength of mind。 Indeed； few completed the course of which I have spoken without issuing therefrom reliable； seasoned fighters who could keep their heads in the most embarrassing of official positions； and at times when older and wiser men； distracted with the annoyances of life； had either abandoned everything or； grown slack and indifferent； had surrendered to the bribe…takers and the rascals。 In short； no ex…pupil of Alexander Petrovitch ever wavered from the right road； but； familiar with life and with men； armed with the weapons of prudence； exerted a powerful influence upon wrongdoers。
For a long time past the ardent young Tientietnikov's excitable heart had also beat at the thought that one day he might attain the senior class described。 And； indeed； what better teacher could he have had befall him than its preceptor？ Yet just at the moment when he had been transferred thereto； just at the moment when he had reached the coveted position； did his instructor come suddenly by his death！ This was indeed a blow for the boyindeed a terrible initial loss！ In his eyes everything connected with the school seemed to undergo a changethe chief reason being the fact that to the place of the deceased headmaster there succeeded a certain Thedor Ivanovitch； who at once began to insist upon certain external rules； and to demand of the boys what ought rightly to have been demanded only of adults。 That is to say； since the lads' frank and open demeanour savoured to him only of lack of discipline； he announced （as though in deliberate spite of his predecessor） that he cared nothing for progress and intellect； but that heed was to be paid only to good behaviour。 Yet； curiously enough； good behaviour was just what he never obtained； for every kind of secret prank became the rule； and while； by day； there reigned restraint and conspiracy； by night there began to take place chambering and wantonness。
Also； certain changes in the curriculum of studies came about； for there were engaged new teachers who held new views and opinions； and confused their hearers with a multitude of new terms and phrases； and displayed in their exposition of things both logical sequence and a zest for modern discovery and much warmth of individual bias。 Yet their instruction； alas！ contained no LIFEin the mouths of those teachers a dead lan