《魔法英语同步新课堂(高二·下)》

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魔法英语同步新课堂(高二·下)- 第7部分


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    本句是强调句型。英语中强调的方法很多,大致可以分为四类:    
    ①It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom +其余部分。这种句型可用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。    
    A。 强调主语     
    It was she who had been wrong。错的是她。     
    Was it you that broke the window? 是你打破窗户的吗?     
    But here It’s my word that counts。但是在这里是我的话算数。     
    B。 强调宾语或介宾     
    It was the President that Jean shot yesterday。Jean昨天枪击的是总统。     
    It was to me that she gave the money。她那钱是给我的。     
    C。 强调状语     
    It was on Monday night that all this happened。 这一切是发生在星期一晚上。     
    It was in Beijing that he lived ten years ago。他十年前是住在北京的。     
    It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school。     
    他是因病而没来上学的。     
    It was in a different way that they played the game。他们比赛的方式是不同的。     
    It was not until 11 o’clock last night that my father returned。 我父亲昨夜直到11点才回来。    
    ②用倒装句或其他改变句子结构的方法。    
    For fours years the couple worked in the shed; weighing; calculating; or measuring。     
    整整4年,这对夫妇在这个工棚里秤啊,算啊,量啊。(状语前置)    
    Away went his hat with the wind。  他的帽子被风刮走了。(倒装)    
    ③使用一些加重语气的词语。    
    Arthur is my friend indeed。  亚瑟确实是我的朋友。    
    The little boy is exactly like his father。 那个小男孩长得确实像他父亲。    
    What on earth did you do with my car?你把我的车到底弄到哪里去了?    
    ④用动词do的各种形式来强调动词。    
    Do be quiet。 务必保持安静。    
    I did go to the store but I didn’t see him。 我确实去了那个店,但我没看见他。    
    Edgar does like football。 埃德加确实喜欢足球。    
    6。The chemical structure of water makes it an excellent medium for life。(READING)水的化学结构使它成为生命的最佳媒介。    
    (1)句中it是人称代词,指代water,而不是代指the chemical structure of water。    
    —Where is the cat? 猫在哪里?    
    —It is in the garden。在花园里。    
    Where is my book? I cannot find it。我的书在什么地方?我找不着。    
    (2)medium的用法    
    ①medium是可数名词,复数形式为mediums或media'mi:d',意为“媒体”或“媒介”。    
    Newspapers and magazines are important media for advertising。报纸和杂志为广告的重要媒体。     
    ②medium也可以用作形容词,意为“中间的”或“中等的”。    
    The boy is of medium height for his age。这男孩的身高在他这个年龄中算中等。    
    7。The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom。(READING)水分子是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。    
    be made up of的用法    
    be made up of意为“由……组成”或“由……构成”。    
    Our class is made up of 50 students。 我们班级由50名学生组成。    
    The medical team is made up of 5 doctors and 8 nurses。 医疗队由五位医生和八位护士构成。    
    8。The chemical structure of water also makes it different from almost all other substances on earth。(READING)水的化学结构也使它与几乎所有地球上其它的物质不同。    
    make作使役动词的用法    
    ①表示“使……”或“让……”时,可跟含不带to的不定式、含动词…ing形式或过去分词的复合宾语。    
    What makes you think so? 是什么使你这么想呢?     
    He made himself heard across the room。他使整个房间都能听到他的声音。    
    9。The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures。(READING)任何物质进入海洋它的营养很快就被其它生物利用。    
    available的用法    
    ①available是形容词,意为“可用的”、“可得到的”、“可达到的”等,一般指事物。    
    The numbers of the machine parts are not available。这些机器零件的号码找不到了。    
    The book you ordered is not available。你订购的那本书没有货。    
    All available means have been trie                D。 所有的办法都用尽了。     
    10。When dissolved gases and solids mix with pure water; the result is sea water; or salt water。(READING)当气体与固体的混合物与纯净的水混合后,结果生成海水或咸水。    
    mix的用法    
    mix意为“混合”、“搀和”或“搅合”,可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后跟名词、代词或双宾语。    
    You can’t mix oil with water。你不能把油和水混在一起。     
    Oil and water will not mix。油和水不相溶。    
    11。Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties; the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point。(READING)尽管纯净水是构成海水的主要物质,但是它的重量和冰点都受到海水的高含盐量的影响。    
    even though意为“即使”,也可以说even if,引导让步状语从句,既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。    
    She won’t leave the TV set; even though her husband is waiting for his supper。 即使她丈夫在等着吃晚饭,她也不愿离开电视机。    
    Even if the doctor had operated on him at once; he could not have been save                D。  即使医生及时给他做了手术,他也不可能获救。    
    12。Marine organisms take advantage of the density of water。(READING)海洋生物利用水的密度。    
    advantage的用法    
    ①advantage表示“优点”时,是可数名词,不可受much修饰;表示“利益”或“有利条件”,有时可用作不可数名词。    
    It has more advantages than disadvantages。此事利多弊少。     
    He thinks of nothing but his own advantage。除了自己的利益他什么也不考虑。    
    ②表示“比……有利”时,advantage要与over短语搭配。    
    She has an advantage over me。她处于比我有利的地位。    
    13。Water can absorb and release a lot of heat without big changes in its temperature; thus creating a stable environment。(READING)水可以吸收和释放大量的热量而不会引起温度的巨大变化,从而形成稳定的环境。    
    without的用法    
    ①without是介词,意为“无”、“没有”、“不”、“在……外面”等,后跟名词、代词或动词…ing,表示位置、状况、条件、假设、纯粹的否定等。    
    She is a girl without selfish ideas。她是位毫无私心的姑娘。    
    He went out without saying goodbye。他不辞而别。    
    For three days he worked without taking any rest。他不停息地一连干了三天。    
    ②without是否定介词,与cannot,never,no,not等否定词语搭配,往往表示肯定意义。    
    He cannot take his meal without wine。他每餐必饮酒。    
    They never meet without quarrelling。他们一见面就吵架。    
    No one can read the story without being moved to tears。谁读这故事都要感动得流泪。     
    Without working hard; one cannot succee                D。 只有努力才能成功。    
    What he has said is not without reason。他说的话并非没有道理。    
    14。The water in the oceans also keeps the temperature of the earth steady by absorbing and releasing heat。(READING)海水也通过吸收和释放热量的方式保持地球气温的稳定。    
    by表示方式的用法    
    ①by doing sth是方式状语,意为“通过做某事”。    
    He made a living by selling his paintings。他以卖画为生。    
    We may solve the problem by negotiating。 我们可以通过谈判来解决这个问题。    
    ②by可以用来表示使用某种交通工具。    
    by car/bus/train坐小汽车(公共汽车,火车)    
    by plane/air坐飞机    
    by spaceship坐宇宙飞船    
    by sea/boat/water坐船    
    15。The creatures on the ocean floor manage to survive without sunlight and get energy from other sources。(READING)生活在大洋底部的生物在没有太阳光的照射下成功地幸存下来,它们从其它地方获取能量。    
    manage的用法    
    ①manage为不及物动词,意为“能办好”、“设法解决”或“勉强维持”等。    
    —Would you like me to carry the box for you? 我帮你提箱子好吗?    
    —No; thanks。 I can manage。 谢谢,不必了,我自己能行。    
    Don’t  worry。 We’ll manage somehow。 别着急,我们总会有办法。    
    Many people wondered how they managed under such difficult conditions。许多人都不理解,在这样困难的条件下他们怎么坚持下来的。    
    It’s heavy; but I can manage。它很重,但我能搬得动。    
    ②manage还可作及物动词,意为“设法完成(难事)”,有“经过努力终于完成”的意思,可接名词、代词或动词不定式。    
    Without her help; we would not have managed it。 没她的帮忙,我们是干不成的。    
    We managed to finish the work ahead of time。我们设法提前完成这项工作。    
    Do you think you can manage to get us some tickets? 你能设法给我们弄几张票吗?    
    If you can get the material; we can manage the money。 你们要是能搞到原料,资金我们能想办法。


Unit 13   The water planet单元语法知识归纳

    情态动词用法小结    
    1。can和be able to用法    
    ①表示现在或过去“力所能及”时可以换用。    
    He can/is able to answer your questions without difficulties。他能毫无困难地回答你提出的问题。    
    ②can表示一般现在时,could表示一般过去时,be able to 可以用一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时等时态。    
    I can tell all he has said。 他说的话,我全能说出来。    
    They will be able to tell you the news soon。他们很快就能告诉你消息了。    
    ③表示特定的某一过去的能力,而且动作已经完成,与情态动词may; must连用,与used to; seem; appear等连用,以不定式或动名词短语的形式在句子中出现,或在句中用作宾语补足语时,只能用be able to,不能用can。    
    He studied hard; and was able to pass his exams。    
    他学习很努力,所能能够通过考试。(不宜说…and could pass his exams。)    
    2。在Could you…?,Might she…?等句中的could或might并非过去时,而是表示语气上更加委婉或更加不确定。    
    Could you tell me his address?请你把他的地址告诉我好吗?  
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