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°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
orbed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡cares¡¡of¡¡self¡­defense¡¡even¡¡to¡¡attempt¡¡any¡¡amelioration¡¡of¡¡their¡¡condition¡£¡¡¡¡Such£»¡¡however£»¡¡will¡¡not¡¡always¡¡be¡¡the¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡has¡¡succeeded¡¡by¡¡her¡¡own¡¡efforts¡¡in¡¡piercing¡¡the¡¡gloom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Middle¡¡Ages£»¡¡South¡¡America¡¡has¡¡the¡¡same¡¡Christian¡¡laws¡¡and¡¡Christian¡¡manners¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have£»¡¡she¡¡contains¡¡all¡¡the¡¡germs¡¡of¡¡civilization¡¡which¡¡have¡¡grown¡¡amidst¡¡the¡¡nations¡¡of¡¡Europe¡¡or¡¡their¡¡offsets£»¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡advantages¡¡to¡¡be¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡our¡¡example£º¡¡why¡¡then¡¡should¡¡she¡¡always¡¡remain¡¡uncivilized£¿¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡clear¡¡that¡¡the¡¡question¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡one¡¡of¡¡time£»¡¡at¡¡some¡¡future¡¡period£»¡¡which¡¡may¡¡be¡¡more¡¡or¡¡less¡¡remote£»¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡¡of¡¡South¡¡America¡¡will¡¡constitute¡¡flourishing¡¡and¡¡enlightened¡¡nations¡£

But¡¡when¡¡the¡¡Spaniards¡¡and¡¡Portuguese¡¡of¡¡South¡¡America¡¡begin¡¡to¡¡feel¡¡the¡¡wants¡¡common¡¡to¡¡all¡¡civilized¡¡nations£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡still¡¡be¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡satisfy¡¡those¡¡wants¡¡for¡¡themselves£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡youngest¡¡children¡¡of¡¡civilization£»¡¡they¡¡must¡¡perforce¡¡admit¡¡the¡¡superiority¡¡of¡¡their¡¡elder¡¡brethren¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡will¡¡be¡¡agriculturists¡¡long¡¡before¡¡they¡¡succeed¡¡in¡¡manufactures¡¡or¡¡commerce£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡will¡¡require¡¡the¡¡mediation¡¡of¡¡strangers¡¡to¡¡exchange¡¡their¡¡produce¡¡beyond¡¡seas¡¡for¡¡those¡¡articles¡¡for¡¡which¡¡a¡¡demand¡¡will¡¡begin¡¡to¡¡be¡¡felt¡£

It¡¡is¡¡unquestionable¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Americans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡North¡¡will¡¡one¡¡day¡¡supply¡¡the¡¡wants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Americans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡South¡£¡¡¡¡Nature¡¡has¡¡placed¡¡them¡¡in¡¡contiguity£»¡¡and¡¡has¡¡furnished¡¡the¡¡former¡¡with¡¡every¡¡means¡¡of¡¡knowing¡¡and¡¡appreciating¡¡those¡¡demands£»¡¡of¡¡establishing¡¡a¡¡permanent¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡those¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡gradually¡¡filling¡¡their¡¡markets¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡merchants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡could¡¡only¡¡forfeit¡¡these¡¡natural¡¡advantages¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡very¡¡inferior¡¡to¡¡the¡¡merchant¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡is£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡superior¡¡in¡¡several¡¡respects¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Americans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡already¡¡exercise¡¡a¡¡very¡¡considerable¡¡moral¡¡influence¡¡upon¡¡all¡¡the¡¡peoples¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡World¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡the¡¡source¡¡of¡¡intelligence£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡nations¡¡which¡¡inhabit¡¡the¡¡same¡¡continent¡¡are¡¡already¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡them¡¡as¡¡the¡¡most¡¡enlightened£»¡¡the¡¡most¡¡powerful£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡wealthy¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡American¡¡family¡£¡¡All¡¡eyes¡¡are¡¡therefore¡¡turned¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡States¡¡of¡¡which¡¡that¡¡body¡¡is¡¡composed¡¡are¡¡the¡¡models¡¡which¡¡the¡¡other¡¡communities¡¡try¡¡to¡¡imitate¡¡to¡¡the¡¡best¡¡of¡¡their¡¡power£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡from¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡that¡¡they¡¡borrow¡¡their¡¡political¡¡principles¡¡and¡¡their¡¡laws¡£¡¡

The¡¡Americans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡stand¡¡in¡¡precisely¡¡the¡¡same¡¡position¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡peoples¡¡of¡¡South¡¡America¡¡as¡¡their¡¡fathers£»¡¡the¡¡English£»¡¡occupy¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Italians£»¡¡the¡¡Spaniards£»¡¡the¡¡Portuguese£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡those¡¡nations¡¡of¡¡Europe¡¡which¡¡receive¡¡their¡¡articles¡¡of¡¡daily¡¡consumption¡¡from¡¡England£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡are¡¡less¡¡advanced¡¡in¡¡civilization¡¡and¡¡trade¡£¡¡England¡¡is¡¡at¡¡this¡¡time¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡emporium¡¡of¡¡almost¡¡all¡¡the¡¡nations¡¡which¡¡are¡¡within¡¡its¡¡reach£»¡¡the¡¡American¡¡Union¡¡will¡¡perform¡¡the¡¡same¡¡part¡¡in¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hemisphere£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡community¡¡which¡¡is¡¡founded£»¡¡or¡¡which¡¡prospers¡¡in¡¡the¡¡New¡¡World£»¡¡is¡¡founded¡¡and¡¡prospers¡¡to¡¡the¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Anglo¡­Americans¡£

If¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡were¡¡to¡¡be¡¡dissolved£»¡¡the¡¡commerce¡¡of¡¡the¡¡States¡¡which¡¡now¡¡compose¡¡it¡¡would¡¡undoubtedly¡¡be¡¡checked¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡consequence¡¡would¡¡be¡¡less¡¡perceptible¡¡than¡¡is¡¡generally¡¡supposed¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡evident¡¡that£»¡¡whatever¡¡may¡¡happen£»¡¡the¡¡commercial¡¡States¡¡will¡¡remain¡¡united¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡all¡¡contiguous¡¡to¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡they¡¡have¡¡identically¡¡the¡¡same¡¡opinions£»¡¡interests£»¡¡and¡¡manners£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡are¡¡alone¡¡competent¡¡to¡¡form¡¡a¡¡very¡¡great¡¡maritime¡¡power¡£¡¡Even¡¡if¡¡the¡¡South¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡were¡¡to¡¡become¡¡independent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡North£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡still¡¡require¡¡the¡¡services¡¡of¡¡those¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡observed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡South¡¡is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡commercial¡¡country£»¡¡and¡¡nothing¡¡intimates¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡become¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Americans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡South¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡will¡¡therefore¡¡be¡¡obliged£»¡¡for¡¡a¡¡long¡¡time¡¡to¡¡come£»¡¡to¡¡have¡¡recourse¡¡to¡¡strangers¡¡to¡¡export¡¡their¡¡produce£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡supply¡¡them¡¡with¡¡the¡¡commodities¡¡which¡¡are¡¡requisite¡¡to¡¡satisfy¡¡their¡¡wants¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡Northern¡¡States¡¡are¡¡undoubtedly¡¡able¡¡to¡¡act¡¡as¡¡their¡¡intermediate¡¡agents¡¡cheaper¡¡than¡¡any¡¡other¡¡merchants¡£¡¡They¡¡will¡¡therefore¡¡retain¡¡that¡¡employment£»¡¡for¡¡cheapness¡¡is¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡law¡¡of¡¡commerce¡£¡¡¡¡National¡¡claims¡¡and¡¡national¡¡prejudices¡¡cannot¡¡resist¡¡the¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡cheapness¡£¡¡¡¡Nothing¡¡can¡¡be¡¡more¡¡virulent¡¡than¡¡the¡¡hatred¡¡which¡¡exists¡¡between¡¡the¡¡Americans¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡and¡¡the¡¡English¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡notwithstanding¡¡these¡¡inimical¡¡feelings£»¡¡the¡¡Americans¡¡derive¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡part¡¡of¡¡their¡¡manufactured¡¡commodities¡¡from¡¡England£»¡¡because¡¡England¡¡supplies¡¡them¡¡at¡¡a¡¡cheaper¡¡rate¡¡than¡¡any¡¡other¡¡nation¡£¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡increasing¡¡prosperity¡¡of¡¡America¡¡turns£»¡¡notwithstanding¡¡the¡¡grudges¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Americans£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡British¡¡manufactures¡£

Reason¡¡shows¡¡and¡¡experience¡¡proves¡¡that¡¡no¡¡commercial¡¡prosperity¡¡can¡¡be¡¡durable¡¡if¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡united£»¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡need£»¡¡to¡¡naval¡¡force¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡truth¡¡is¡¡as¡¡well¡¡understood¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡as¡¡it¡¡can¡¡be¡¡anywhere¡¡else£º¡¡the¡¡Americans¡¡are¡¡already¡¡able¡¡to¡¡make¡¡their¡¡flag¡¡respected£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡years¡¡they¡¡will¡¡be¡¡able¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡feared¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡am¡¡convinced¡¡that¡¡the¡¡dismemberment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡would¡¡not¡¡have¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡diminishing¡¡the¡¡naval¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Americans£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡it¡¡would¡¡powerfully¡¡contribute¡¡to¡¡increase¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡present¡¡time¡¡the¡¡commercial¡¡States¡¡are¡¡connected¡¡with¡¡others¡¡which¡¡have¡¡not¡¡the¡¡same¡¡interests£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡frequently¡¡yield¡¡an¡¡unwilling¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡the¡¡increase¡¡of¡¡a¡¡maritime¡¡power¡¡by¡¡which¡¡they¡¡are¡¡only¡¡indirectly¡¡benefited¡£¡¡If£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡the¡¡commercial¡¡States¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡formed¡¡one¡¡independent¡¡nation£»¡¡commerce¡¡would¡¡become¡¡the¡¡foremost¡¡of¡¡their¡¡national¡¡interests£»¡¡they¡¡would¡¡consequently¡¡be¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡make¡¡very¡¡great¡¡sacrifices¡¡to¡¡protect¡¡their¡¡shipping£»¡¡and¡¡nothing¡¡would¡¡prevent¡¡them¡¡from¡¡pursuing¡¡their¡¡designs¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡point¡£

Nations£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡men£»¡¡almost¡¡always¡¡betray¡¡the¡¡most¡¡prominent¡¡features¡¡of¡¡their¡¡future¡¡destiny¡¡in¡¡their¡¡earliest¡¡years¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡I¡¡contemplate¡¡the¡¡ardor¡¡with¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Anglo¡­Americans¡¡prosecute¡¡commercial¡¡enterprise£»¡¡the¡¡advantages¡¡which¡¡befriend¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡their¡¡undertakings£»¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡refrain¡¡from¡¡believing¡¡that¡¡they¡¡will¡¡one¡¡day¡¡become¡¡the¡¡first¡¡maritime¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡globe¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡born¡¡to¡¡rule¡¡the¡¡seas£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Romans¡¡were¡¡to¡¡conquer¡¡the¡¡world¡£

Conclusion

I¡¡have¡¡now¡¡nearly¡¡reached¡¡the¡¡close¡¡of¡¡my¡¡inquiry£»¡¡hitherto£»¡¡in¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future¡¡destiny¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡I¡¡have¡¡endeavored¡¡to¡¡divide¡¡my¡¡subject¡¡into¡¡distinct¡¡portions£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡study¡¡each¡¡of¡¡them¡¡with¡¡more¡¡attention¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡present¡¡object¡¡is¡¡to¡¡embrace¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡from¡¡one¡¡single¡¡point£»¡¡the¡¡remarks¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡make¡¡will¡¡be¡¡less¡¡detailed£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡will¡¡be¡¡more¡¡sure¡£¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡perceive¡¡each¡¡object¡¡less¡¡distinctly£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡descry¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡facts¡¡with¡¡more¡¡certainty¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡traveller¡¡who¡¡has¡¡just¡¡left¡¡the¡¡walls¡¡of¡¡an¡¡immense¡¡city£»¡¡climbs¡¡the¡¡neighboring¡¡hill£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡goes¡¡father¡¡off¡¡he¡¡loses¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡men¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡has¡¡so¡¡recently¡¡quitted£»¡¡their¡¡dwellings¡¡are¡¡confused¡¡in¡¡a¡¡dense¡¡mass£»¡¡he¡¡can¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡distinguish¡¡the¡¡public¡¡squares£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡can¡¡scarcely¡¡trace¡¡out¡¡the¡¡great¡¡thoroughfares£»¡¡but¡¡his¡¡eye¡¡has¡¡less¡¡difficulty¡¡in¡¡following¡¡the¡¡boundaries¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡first¡¡time¡¡he¡¡sees¡¡the¡¡shape¡¡of¡¡the¡¡vast¡¡whole¡£¡¡¡¡Such¡¡is¡¡the¡¡future¡¡destiny¡¡of¡¡the¡¡British¡¡race¡¡in¡¡North¡¡America¡¡to¡¡my¡¡eye£»¡¡the¡¡details¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stupendous¡¡picture¡¡are¡¡overhung¡¡with¡¡shade£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡conceive¡¡a¡¡clear¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡subject¡£

The¡¡territory¡¡now¡¡occupied¡¡or¡¡possessed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡of¡¡America¡¡forms¡¡about¡¡one¡­twentieth¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡habitable¡¡earth¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡extensive¡¡as¡¡these¡¡confines¡¡are£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡not¡¡be¡¡supposed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Anglo¡­American¡¡race¡¡will¡¡always¡¡remain¡¡within¡¡them£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡already¡¡far¡¡overstepped¡¡them¡£

There¡¡was¡¡once¡¡a¡¡time¡¡at¡¡which¡¡we¡¡also¡¡might¡¡have¡¡created¡¡a¡¡great¡¡French¡¡nation¡¡in¡¡the¡¡American¡¡wilds£»¡¡to¡¡counterbalance¡¡the¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡destinies¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡World¡£¡¡¡¡France¡¡formerly¡¡possessed¡¡a¡¡territory¡¡in¡¡North¡¡America£»¡¡scarcely¡¡less¡¡extensive¡¡than¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡of¡¡Europe¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡three¡¡greatest¡¡rivers¡¡of¡¡that¡¡continent¡¡then¡¡flowed¡¡within¡¡her¡¡dominions¡£¡¡The¡¡Indian¡¡tribes¡¡which¡¡dwelt¡¡between¡¡the¡¡mouth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡St¡£¡¡Lawrence¡¡and¡¡the¡¡delta¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Mississippi¡¡were¡¡unaccustomed¡¡to¡¡any¡¡other¡¡tongue¡¡but¡¡ours£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡European¡¡settlements¡¡scattered¡¡over¡¡that¡¡immense¡¡region¡¡recalled¡¡the¡¡traditions¡¡of¡¡our¡¡country¡£¡¡¡¡Louisbourg£»¡¡Montmorency£»¡¡Duquesne£»¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis£»¡¡Vincennes£»¡¡New¡¡Orleans¡¡£¨for¡¡such¡¡were¡¡the¡¡names¡¡they¡¡bore£©¡¡are¡¡words¡¡dear¡¡to¡¡France¡¡and¡¡familiar¡¡to¡¡our¡¡ears¡£

But¡¡a¡¡concourse¡¡of¡¡circumstances£»¡¡which¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡tedious¡¡to¡¡enumerate£»¡¡*m¡¡have¡¡deprived¡¡us¡¡of¡¡this¡¡magnificent¡¡inheritance¡£¡¡Wherever¡¡the¡¡French¡¡settlers¡¡were¡¡numerically¡¡weak¡¡and¡¡partially¡¡established£»¡¡they¡¡have¡¡disappeared£º¡¡those¡¡who¡¡remain¡¡are¡¡collected¡¡on¡¡a¡¡small¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡country£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡now¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡other¡¡laws¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡400£»000¡¡French¡¡inhabitants¡¡of¡¡Lower¡¡Canada¡¡constitute£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡present¡¡time£»¡¡the¡¡remnant¡¡of¡¡an¡¡old¡¡nation¡¡lost¡¡in¡¡the¡¡midst¡¡of¡¡a¡¡new¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡foreign¡¡population¡¡is¡¡increasing¡¡around¡¡them¡¡unceasingly¡¡and¡¡on¡¡all¡¡sides£»¡¡which¡¡already¡¡penetrates¡¡amongst¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡masters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡predominates¡¡in¡¡their¡¡cities¡¡and¡¡corrupts¡¡their¡¡language¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡population¡¡is¡¡identical¡¡with¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡therefore¡¡with¡¡truth¡¡that¡¡I¡¡asserted¡¡
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü