《英语模拟考场10套》

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英语模拟考场10套- 第18部分


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    Section Ⅲ  Writing    
    参考范文    
    Part A    
    51。    
    Dear Sir;    
    I write this letter to inquire about the post your company advertised in the newspaper yesterday。 I intend to apply for the job vacancy of the manager’s secretary。 I’m very interested in the job。    
    I think I have the needed qualifications for the position in your business。 I’m good at short hand; and my spoken English is much fluent。 And above all; I have enough experience for the job because I once worked as a secretary in another foreignowned enterprise。 I strongly believe I’m extremely well qualified for the job。     
    I’ve learned your company enjoys good reputation and shows great promise worldwide。 I wish to get an interview opportunity。 I’m expecting an early reply from your company。    
    Sincerely;    
    Tom    
    Part B    
    52。    
    This cartoon presents in front of us a sharp contrast between two types of neighbors。 The two pet neighbors greet each other politely and amiably while the two lonely human neighbors seem to ignore each other。 When we take a walk in any of the cities in the modern society; we can often observe such a sad scene in which social interactions have been grievously diminishing。    
    There are more and more urban residents who love raising pets。 Pet…keeping is becoming increasingly pervasive because a pet may be a companion for old people; a friend for young couples; and a playing toy for children。 Believe it or not; pets are such an inseparable part in their daily life that they often devote lots of energy; time and money to taking care of the needs of their loved animals。 Small wonder; such devotion to pet…raising points to a truth of great importance today — loneliness in a busy world。     
    Since most people have to live on an on…the…move lifestyle; they are probably denied opportunities to share their feelings with their friends and relatives。 Whereas pets will be good listeners。 Where there are so many dishonesties going around; they must stay with a dog; which is likely to be faithful to them。 It seems that an individual is being ridiculous if he starts conversations with his neighbors; so he often has no alternative but to enjoy the company of pets。 That’s why the scene depicted in the cartoon is not uncommon in our daily life。    
    Our life would be; of course; enjoyable if we have pets。 But we would enjoy much more meaningful life if the two human neighbors started a talk to each other in a friendly way; just like the two dogs。    
    范文译文    
    这幅漫画向我们展示了两类邻居之间的鲜明对比。做邻居的两只宠物友好而亲切地彼此问候而做邻居的两个孤单的人却互相视而不见。在现代社会里,这样的情景在我们漫步时随处可见。    
    如今越来越多的人喜欢饲养宠物。由于宠物能够成为老人的伙伴,年轻夫妇的朋友以及小孩的玩具,饲养宠物也越来越屡见不鲜。尽管难以置信,宠物已经成为人们日常生活中必不可少的部分。人们常常倾心倾力的为心爱的宠物费尽精力、时间和金钱,为它们所需的一切着想。这些并不足为奇,但这样的投入也正反映了当今社会的一个重要事实——在这匆匆世界里的无尽孤独。    
    由于我们在生活中“来去匆匆”,可能没有机会与亲友进行情感交流,可宠物却是忠实的倾听者。由于生活中到处是尔虞我诈,我们只能够与身边最忠实的小狗相依为伴。与邻居攀谈会显得荒诞不经,那么我们只能与宠物在一起。难怪我们在日常生活中常常会遇到漫画中所勾画的情景。    
    我们的生活因有了宠物自然有了很多欢乐。然而假如那两个邻居能够像两只小狗一样开始友好地交谈,我们的生活还会有更多的欢乐。    
    举一反三    
    本文的标题提示为“邻居”。图中的两对邻居虽然都可以称为“邻居”,但是彼此的亲密程度却截然地相反。诚然,在现代社会中,尤其在城市生活中,饲养宠物的现象值得我们注意。不少人投入了大量的精力去照顾其心爱的动物。图画的作者并不是要我们去洞察宠物的多少,而是要表达更加深层的内涵,即由于生活方式的改变,人们之间亲近的情感变得疏远,继而移情于动物身上。    
    本文第一自然段简要描述了画面的内容,点出了整篇文章的关键词概念。第二自然段的分析紧扣画面内容,列举了种种社会人喜欢宠物的现象,第三自然段阐述了生活方式变化,而“狗”际关系替代了人际关系。最后一个自然段自然地给出了整篇文章的结论。    
    整篇文章主要采用的是分析性的阐述思维方法,先表明了作者的观点,之后进行具体的论证。围绕着“邻居”、“狗”、“宠物”、“生活方式”、“人际关系”、“现代社会”、“情感”等关键词概念展开。    
    就类似话题,如“现代生活方式变迁”、“人际关系”、“人际沟通”等话题等可以模仿本文的思路写作。此外,就本篇命题作文也可以其他的角度入手,如“社会的诚信”等。而且可以使用对比的思维模式来安排文章的结构,即把“人”邻居与“狗”邻居进行对比。    
    Part B (二)    答案解析及参考译文    
    Sample One    
    思路解析    
    41【答案】'F'    
    【解析】空格前面的句子说“From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.”,空格后面的句子说“He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the economics of a basic agricultural community,whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.”,由此可知:所填的句子应该是在讲神话的特点,并且会提到某位学者。选项F中说“German scholar Karl Offried Muller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology,1825.”,这与前后句子的意思连贯,所以应该选F。虽然选项'A'、'C'、'D'中也都提到了学者,但是,其意思与前后句子不连贯,所以不能选用。    
    42【答案】'A'    
    【解析】空格前面的句子说“These languages,scholars concluded,belonged to an Indo…European language family。。。”;空格后面的句子说“For example,an expression like ‘maiden dawn’for‘sunrise’resulted first in personification of the dawn,and then in myths about her。”,由此可知:所填的句子应该会提到“Indo.European language”.并且会说明人们的误解。选项'A'中说“German…born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig…Veda of ancient India — the oldest preserved body of literature written in an IndoEuropean language。。。 Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.”,这与前后句子的意思连贯。并且也提到了“Indo…European language”,所以应该选'A'。    
    43【答案】'D'    
    【解析】空格后面的句子说“Similarly,British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a threestage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough.”,由此可知:所填的句子应该是在讲学者们的研究方法。选项'D'中说“This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor.… Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages。”,这与后面句子的意思连贯,所以应该选'D'。    
    44【答案】'B'    
    【解析】空格后面的句子说“This approach reached its most extreme form in the socalled functionalism of British anthropologist A.R.Radcliffe.Brown,who held that every myth implies a ritual,and every ritual implies a myth.”,由此可知:前面的句子应该会介绍某种理论,并且会提到“myth”和“ritual”。选项'B'中说“The myth and ritual theory,as this approach came to be called,was developed most fully by British scholar Jan E1len Harrison.。。。”,这与后面句子的意思连贯,所以应该选'B'。选项'D'虽然也提到了某种方式,但是与后面句子的意思不连贯,所以不能选用。    
    45【答案】'C'    
    【解析】空格前面的句子说“In the 20th century,investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.”.由此可知:所填的句子应该是讲现代的研究。只有选项'C'中表达的“Austrian psycho…analyst Sigmund Freud held that myths — like dreams — condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.”是现代的研究,所以应该选'C'。    
    参考译文    
    由于可以从其他文化中获得越来越多的素材,所以欧洲的学者开始承认神话学传统具有更大的综合性。古代印度和伊朗的经文提供的证据尤其有价值,比如《薄伽梵歌》经文以及《亚吠陀》经文。根据这些资料,我们可以很清楚地了解到:神话人物差别很大,不只是由于地理位置所导致的,而且还是由于历史时期所导致的。(41) 德国学者卡尔·奥特弗雷德·穆勒在其1825年出版的《科学神话绪论》一书中遵循了这种研究理论。他认为,希腊有关珀尔塞福涅的相对简单的神话反映了初级农业社会人们的忧虑,但是后来在荷马史诗中发现的更复杂神话反映的是更发达社会的问题。    
    学者们也试图以某种方式把全世界各种各样的神话联系起来。从18世纪晚期到19世纪早期,为了解释欧洲和近东各种各样语言之间的惊人相似性,对语言的比较性研究导致假设母语的复兴。学者们得出这样的结论:这些语言属于一种印欧语系。研究神话的专家也探究一种原始神话,这种神话可能隐藏于所有欧洲神话之中。(42) 德国裔英国学者马克斯·穆勒得出结论:古代印度的《梨俱吠陀》文集反映的是一种最原始的印欧神话——《梨俱吠陀》文集是现存的用印欧语记载的量古老作品。穆勒把后来的所有神话归结为人们的误解,这些误解源于早期人们用来描述自然现象的生动语言。比如,用“少女的黎明”来表示“日出”最初使得黎明人格化,后来演变成有关少女的神话。    
    19世纪末期,英国的博物学家查尔斯·达尔文提出的进化理论对神话的研究产生了重要影响。学者们研究神话的历史,就像他们为了研究遥远的古代遗迹而研究化石表露的地质构造一样。(43)在英国的人类学家爱德华·伯纳德·泰勒的作品中可以发现这种方式。在《原始文明》一书(1871年出版)中,泰勒把人类的宗教和哲学发展系统地分成单独并且不同的进化阶段。同样,英国的人类学家詹姆士·乔治·弗雷泽尔在《珍贵的树枝》一书中提出了一个“三阶段进化示意图”。根据弗雷泽尔的示意图,起初,人们把自然现象归结为反复无常的超自然力量(魔法),后来,把它们解释为上帝
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