lity）； inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English…speaking world。 Yet Botticelli’s work； especially the Sistine frescoes； did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908。 Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth…century Florentines — features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions； and of the human figure in motion。 However； Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves — rather； that he emphasized clear depletion of a story； a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central。 Because of Home’s emphasis crucial to any study of art； the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticelli’s achievements。
36。Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
＇A＇ The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals。
＇B＇ Sandro Botticelli： From Rejection to Appreciation。
＇C＇ The History of Critics’ Responses to Art Works。
＇D＇ Botticelli and Florentine： A Comparative Study。
37。We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of
＇A＇ suppressing painters’ art initiatives。＇B＇ favoring a Botticelli’s best paintings。
＇C＇ rejecting traditional art characteristics。＇D＇ undervaluing Botticelli’s achievements。
38。The views of Vasari and Home on Botticelli’s products are
＇A＇ identical。 ＇B＇ complementary。 ＇C＇ opposite。 ＇D＇ similar。
39。The word “connoisseurs” （Paragraph 1） most probably means
＇A＇ representatives in the Pre…Raphaelite Movement。
＇B＇ people who are in favor of Florentine。
＇C＇ critics who are likely to make assessments。
＇D＇ conservatives clinging to classical art。
40。What does the author think of Botticelli’s representation skills？
＇A＇ They are to be fully appreciated。＇B＇ They evolve from an uncertain source。
＇C＇ They underlie his personality。＇D＇ They conform to the classical style。
Part B
本部分内容请参见 Part B（一）
Part C
Directions： Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese。 Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2。 （10 points）
All U。S。 nuclear weapons production facilities are presently closed down； and if the various agreements are adhered to； those facilities will never be required except for one critical capability。 All modern nuclear weapons use uranium （铀）； plutonium（钚）； and tritium（氚）。 Uranium and plutonium have very long half…lives； and there is large surplus of these materials。
Tritium； however； has a relatively short half…life of about 12。6 years； so about 5 percent of the amount on hand must be replaced each year to maintain the current inventory。 （46） Because of the large retirement of nuclear weapons by the United States in compliance with early agreements and national policy； tritium from retired weapons has been used to make up that lost through natural decay。 （47） However； in about 10 to 15 years； depending on future negotiations； the United States will need a guaranteed supply of tritium to maintain its stockpile at whatever level is agreed on。
In anticipation of this future need to produce tritium； Defense Office Executive is pursuing two technologies。 One uses a nuclear reactor that could also produce electricity whose sale would recover not only the capital cost of the reactor but also its annual operational cost。 （48） Unfortunately； the present Administration has a definite bias against nuclear power； so an alternative method is also being pursued even though it is agreed that it will cost twice as much as a reactor and use as much electricity as a reactor would produce。 This technology uses an accelerator to produce high…energy protons that in turn produce neutrons。
The main argument for the accelerator is that it produces no conventional nuclear wastes。 （49） Proponents readily admit that it will produce radioactive materials； but with a relatively short halflife compared with that of wastes from spent nuclear fuel。 The fact that the accelerator will require the equivalent of a nuclear power plant to supply its electricity is ignored。
（50） Proponents also neglect to mention that about 22 percent of all electrical energy generated in the United States comes from nuclear power plants； so that 22 percent of the power used by the accelerator will generate conventional nuclear wastes； in addition to those the accelerator produces。 There is an alternative to either the reactor or the accelerator； which is simply to buy the required tritium from Canada or Russia。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51。
Direction：You have bought a brand…new computer in a store。 But much to your disappointment； it could not be properly operated when you got it back。 Write a letter to the manager；
1） giving complaints；
2） describing the problems；
3） and asking for some compensations。
Part B
52。
Direction：
A cry for Nature Conservation
A。 Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 200 words。
B。 Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2。
C。 Your essay should meet the requirements below：
1） describe the cartoon
2） interpret the message conveyed in the picture
3） and give your suggestions to remedy the situation
Part B （一）
Sample One
Directions：In the following text； some sentences have been removed。 For questions 41…45； choose the most suitable one from the list A…G to fit into each of the numbered blank。 There are two extra choices； which do not fit in any of the gaps。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 （10 points）
Many of the philosophers we have been reading in class seem to me to be hopelessly dated。 Of course； it’s easy to become trapped in writing only for the period a person lives in； and a philosophy is necessarily dependent on the historical situation and the extent of man’s knowledge。 （41）。
However； Victor Hugo said that if he were writing for his own time only； he would have to break his pen and throw it away。 （42） 。 And it seems to me that the most frequent objections to modern and premodern philosophers come from the incompatibility of their philosophies with what is considered to be established scientific fact。 For instance； Plato’s theory of forms does not； to me； seem to jibe with modern physics and cosmology。 And although I can only vaguely glimpse the psychology which underlies Kant； it seems to be highly questionable。
（43） 。
（44） 。 History is； of course； necessary to any understanding of a philosophy： how it came about； what people did with it； etc。 Sartre； although he developed some of his ideas from Nietzsche and Kierkegaard； probably could not have expounded those same ideas of existentialism in their times； Nietzsche； who popularized the idea that “God is dead”； could not have written in the time of Descartes； and Descartes could not have expressed his radically individualist ideas during the time of Plato。
I suppose that my point； which I am being exceedingly longwinded about； is that philosophy does not （and should not； and must not） stand apart from the rest of the sciences。 （45） 。 Although the other sciences can provide us with data； observations； and theories； only philosophy can integrate those into a coherent whole； tell us what to do with them； or provide a meaningful context for using these facts in our daily lives。
＇A＇ In my view； application of Kant’s epistemology and metaphysics could never produce an artificial intelligence capable of passing a Turing test。
＇B＇ Rather； philosophy should be integrated with the rest of the sciences through a method of rational judgment。 Rather than sailing behind； or next to but away from； the rest of the sciences； Philosophy should be the flagship of the group。
＇C＇ And many of the philosophers who have existed over the course of the centuries have necessarily had to worry about governmental； church； or societal disapproval； censorship； or punishment。
＇D＇ After all； physics can give us insights into metaphysics； since both seek different ways to do the same thing； psychology； sociology； anthropology； and archeology can give us insights into epistemology； various “soft” sciences dealing with comparative cultures can provide food for thought in ethnics； and so on。
＇E＇ Although some philosophical people are not necessarily considered as philosophers today，whose work was influential and instrumental in developing one of the social sciences （ psychology； sociology； political science； education） or in advancing theoretical science （what is now called philosophy of science）。
＇F＇ And so； it seems to me； the best way that a philosopher can keep from being dated is to be aware of scientific knowledge； and integrate it into philosophy。 Of cours