《英语100篇精读荟萃(高级篇)》

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英语100篇精读荟萃(高级篇)- 第6部分


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,再写布什得胜后的低调行动表示对戈尔的期望。仁厚点出271——276选举团票布什的险胜是和全国最高法院的欺诈性裁决有关,这令戈尔痛心疾首,令布什等感恩戴德。最后集中写了高等法院司法程序沾上了政治污点,以及当选之布什的后果——大多数美国人似乎暂时会支持。这一切说明布什胜胜不武,而戈尔却是虽败尤胜。
B。 美国总统选举过程,文章过程的焦点在布什获胜之因,不单单是过程,故B。 项不对。
C。 高等法院在总统选举中起着重要的作用。其作用是欺诈性裁决,偏袒布什获胜,是政治污点,反映了布什的手段。      D。 戈尔很难受,这是事实,但不是中心思想。
2。 B。 布什希望戈尔(能退一步)承认失败,并支持他,而戈尔确实是也这样做了。所以他的助手称戈尔为“resolved and resigned。” 坚决而又顺从天命的人。至少在他的演讲中号召人们追随新总统。
A。 布什希望戈尔参与他的政府。      C。 布什希望戈尔祝贺他。     D。 布什希望戈尔继续和他斗下去。
3。 C。 美国的总统由选举团提名选举产生。见难句译注5和6。
A。 美国总统由高等法院裁决。        B。 人民不能直接选举总统。这只是第一步的原因,主要原因在C。        D。 各州人民支持布什。
4。 D。 其结果实质上就是反对重新计票。这在第十二段阐述得很清楚:高等法院5比4之裁决实质上就是重新计票在12月12日州选举总统选举团的最后一天之前是不能进行的,而戈尔曾认为弗罗里达州可以法律和宪法的形式重新计票。总统选举团一产生。总统由选举团提名选举产生,那么重新计票与否对总统选举实际上是毫无作用,所以说5比4裁决12月12日之前……实质上就是反对重新计票。
A。 其结果实际上是支持重新计票。不对。        B。 其结果和总统选举毫无关系,不对,关系很大,见D项注释。        C。 其结果决定胜者的命运。
5。 B。 它隐射2000年的总统选举和1876年的总统选举两者之间有着很大的相似之处。见难句译注6,海因斯认为输了,正准备放弃,谁知涉嫌欺骗行为,对有争议的州进行重新计票。结果是海因斯以一票之差险胜。重新计票以及险胜都和2000年总统选举相似,其它方面,如以为输而没有输,重新计票州多而且起到作用等……,都和2000年选举不同,所以只能选B项,A项完全一样是错误的。
A。 两者选举总统过程一个样。       C。 把1876年总统选举比作2000年的总统选举。      D。 作为例子给出。 这里没有说明。
           Passage Five (Women’s Positions in the 17th Century)
Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’s voices。 Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste; silent; obedient; and subordinate。 At the beginning of the 17th century; the ideology of patriarchy; political absolutism; and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family。 Accordingly; a woman’s subjection; first to her father and then to her husband; imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch; and of all Christians to God。 Also; the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons; tracts; and plays; detailing women’s physical and mental defects; spiritual evils; rebelliousness; shrewish ness; and natural inferiority to men。
Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women。 During the Elizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen; who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women。 Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation。 In the 17th century; however; various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers。 For one thing; some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female munities—mothers and daughters; extended kinship networks; close female friends; the separate court of Queen Anne (King James’ consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities。 For another; most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages; history; literature; religion; music; occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives。 Also; representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature and role。
Most important; perhaps; was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian’s immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience。 There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband; but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics; promoting women’s spiritual equality: “There is neither Jew nor Greek; there is neither bond nor free; there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ。” Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead。 
There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and mon experience。 English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands’ absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640…60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers; as prophetesses; as deputies for exiled royalist husbands; as writers of religious and political tracts。

1。 What is the best title for this passage?
'A'。 Women’s Position in the 17th Century。
'B'。 Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy。
'C'。 Social Circumstances in the 17th Century。
'D'。 Women’s objection in the 17th Century。
2。 What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?
'A'。 She set an impressive female example to follow。
'B'。 She dominated the culture。
'C'。 She did little。
'D'。 She allowed women to translate something。
3。 Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?
'A'。Female munities provided some counterweight to patriarchy。
'B'。 Queen Anne’s political activities。
'C'。 Most women had a good education。
'D'。 Queen Elizabeth’s political activities。
4。 What did the religion so for the women?
'A'。 It did nothing。
'B'。 It too asked women to be obedient except some texts。
'C'。 It supported women。
'D'。 It appealed to the God。

Vocabulary
1。 repress                       压制,镇压,约束
2。 patriarchy                    族长制,家长制
3。 chaste                       贞洁的,高雅的
4。 hierarchy                     等级制
5。 monarch                      君主,最高统治
6。 image                        象征,反映
7。 overtly                       公开的,明显的
8。 outpour                      倾泻
9。 sermon                       布道,说教
10。 tract                         政治宗教,小册子传单
11。 misogynist                    反对妇女
12。 shrewish                      泼妇似的,爱骂街的
13。 counterweight                  抗衡
14。 consort                       配偶
15。 masque                       化装舞会
16。 monolithic                    铁板一样的,磐石般的
17。 epistle                        圣经?新约中的使徒书
18。 Galatians                      新约圣经中加拉太书
19。 inscribe                       写,题写,铭记

难句译注
1。 Also; the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons; tracts; and plays; detailing women’s physical and mental defects; spiritual evils; rebelliousness; shrewish ness; and natural inferiority to men。
'结构简析' 这是一种句型,年代,时间+see; find 等动词+宾语。
'参考译文' 这一时期出来许多约束或明显反对妇女的布道(教义),小册子和戏剧,详细地描述了妇女精神上和肉体上的缺陷,精神罪恶,叛逆,凶狠,天生低于男人的品性。
2。 Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead。
'结构简析' in one’s stead     代替某人。
'参考译文' 这样的版本鼓励有些妇女去寻求最高家长,上帝的支持,以对抗各种各样凡间家长,他们声称替代上帝对付她们。

写作方法与文章大意
   文章论述了17世纪英国妇女的地位,采用对比写作手法。一方面(第一段)英皇詹姆士重新以法律形式确定:家长制的思想体系,政治上集权主义,性别等级制。而思想意识是上帝的绝对权威;最高等级制体现在绝对君主政权上,体现在家庭的父亲和丈夫身上。所以妇女先对父亲,后对丈夫的服从体现了英国臣民对君权,全体基督徒对上帝的服从。那时代造就的妇女都是贞洁,沉默,服从,低下。
另方面,某些社会和文化因素赋予妇女以力量,首先是女皇伊丽莎白统治的时期,她本身就是一个强有力的榜样。其次一些妇女亲情关系,以及安娜女皇的分庭抗礼统治活动和舞会。再则是大多数活动妇女都受过良好教育。最重要的是有些圣经文本鼓吹妇女精神平等。
最后一段论述了英国妇女实际上有的已经掌握实权,如丈夫公务,他们管理庄园田产。

答案祥解
1。 A。 17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。
B。 妇女服从于家族制。        D。 17世纪妇女的反抗,都是A。内容中的一部分,不能作为最佳标题。      C。 17世纪英国社会形式,只能作为背景出现。
2。 C。 她没有做什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没有妇女做过什么。这在第二段讲得很清楚。“伊丽莎白统治时期(1558——1603),文化领域为强有里女皇所控制,她本人确实树立了令人难忘的妇女形象,可是她并没有为其它妇女能够创作一些东西。”见前面列出之原因和下一道题的A。 B。 C。
3。 D。 伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没有提及
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