¡¶seven discourses on art(ÒÕÊõÆß½²×ù)¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

seven discourses on art(ÒÕÊõÆß½²×ù)- µÚ11²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

highest¡¡pretensions£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡addressed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡noblest¡¡faculties£»¡¡In¡¡those¡¡of¡¡

another¡¡it¡¡is¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡ornament£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡painter¡¡has¡¡but¡¡

the¡¡humble¡¡province¡¡of¡¡furnishing¡¡our¡¡apartments¡¡with¡¡elegance¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exertion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡mind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡truly¡¡

ennobles¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡art£»¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡distinction¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

Venetian¡¡schools¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡formerly¡¡observed¡¡that¡¡perfect¡¡form¡¡is¡¡produced¡¡

by¡¡¡¡¡¡leaving¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡particularities£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡retaining¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡ideas¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡shall¡¡

now¡¡¡¡¡¡endeavour¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡show¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡principle£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡proved¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

metaphysically¡¡¡¡¡¡just£»¡¡¡¡¡¡extends¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡art£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡gives¡¡

what¡¡is¡¡called¡¡the¡¡grand¡¡style¡¡to¡¡invention£»¡¡to¡¡composition£»¡¡to¡¡expression£»¡¡

and¡¡even¡¡to¡¡colouring¡¡and¡¡drapery¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Invention¡¡in¡¡painting¡¡does¡¡not¡¡imply¡¡the¡¡invention¡¡of¡¡the¡¡subject£»¡¡for¡¡

that¡¡is¡¡commonly¡¡supplied¡¡by¡¡the¡¡poet¡¡or¡¡historian¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡With¡¡respect¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

choice£»¡¡no¡¡subject¡¡can¡¡be¡¡proper¡¡that¡¡is¡¡not¡¡generally¡¡interesting¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡ought¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡eminent¡¡¡¡¡¡instance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡heroic¡¡¡¡¡¡action¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡heroic¡¡¡¡¡¡suffering¡£¡¡

There¡¡must¡¡be¡¡something¡¡either¡¡in¡¡the¡¡action¡¡or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡object¡¡in¡¡which¡¡men¡¡

are¡¡universally¡¡concerned£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡which¡¡powerfully¡¡¡¡strikes¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡¡¡public¡¡

sympathy¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Strictly¡¡speaking£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡no¡¡subject¡¡can¡¡be¡¡of¡¡universal£»¡¡hardly¡¡can¡¡it¡¡

be¡¡of¡¡general¡¡concern£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡there¡¡are¡¡events¡¡and¡¡characters¡¡so¡¡popularly¡¡

known¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡countries¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡request£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

considered¡¡as¡¡sufficiently¡¡general¡¡for¡¡all¡¡our¡¡purposes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡are¡¡the¡¡great¡¡

events¡¡of¡¡Greek¡¡and¡¡Roman¡¡fable¡¡and¡¡history£»¡¡which¡¡early¡¡education¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡usual¡¡¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡reading¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡familiar¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡interesting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡all¡¡

Europe£»¡¡without¡¡being¡¡degraded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡vulgarism¡¡of¡¡ordinary¡¡life¡¡in¡¡any¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡37¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡38¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEVEN¡¡DISCOURSES¡¡ON¡¡ART¡¡



country¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡capital¡¡¡¡¡¡subjects¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Scripture¡¡¡¡¡¡history£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which£»¡¡

besides¡¡their¡¡general¡¡notoriety£»¡¡become¡¡venerable¡¡by¡¡their¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡

our¡¡religion¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡it¡¡is¡¡required¡¡that¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡selected¡¡should¡¡be¡¡a¡¡general¡¡one£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡

no¡¡less¡¡necessary¡¡that¡¡it¡¡should¡¡be¡¡kept¡¡unembarrassed¡¡with¡¡whatever¡¡may¡¡

any¡¡way¡¡serve¡¡to¡¡divide¡¡the¡¡attention¡¡of¡¡the¡¡spectator¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whenever¡¡a¡¡story¡¡

is¡¡¡¡¡¡related£»¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡picture¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡mind¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡action¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

expression¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡persons¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡employed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡representing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡

mental¡¡picture¡¡in¡¡canvas¡¡is¡¡what¡¡we¡¡call¡¡invention¡¡in¡¡a¡¡painter¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡as¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡this¡¡ideal¡¡picture¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡does¡¡not¡¡enter¡¡into¡¡the¡¡minute¡¡

peculiarities¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dress£»¡¡furniture£»¡¡or¡¡scene¡¡of¡¡action£»¡¡so¡¡when¡¡the¡¡painter¡¡

comes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡represent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡contrives¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡concomitant¡¡

circumstances¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡manner¡¡that¡¡they¡¡shall¡¡strike¡¡the¡¡spectator¡¡no¡¡more¡¡

than¡¡they¡¡did¡¡himself¡¡in¡¡his¡¡first¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡story¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡am¡¡very¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡allow¡¡that¡¡some¡¡circumstances¡¡of¡¡minuteness¡¡and¡¡

particularity¡¡¡¡¡¡frequently¡¡¡¡¡¡tend¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡piece£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

interest¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡spectator¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡extraordinary¡¡¡¡¡¡manner¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances£»¡¡

therefore£»¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡wholly¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡rejected£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡anything¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡

which¡¡requires¡¡peculiar¡¡nicety¡¡of¡¡discernment£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡disposition¡¡of¡¡these¡¡

minute¡¡circumstantial¡¡parts¡¡which£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡judgment¡¡employed¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡choice£»¡¡become¡¡so¡¡useful¡¡to¡¡truth¡¡or¡¡so¡¡injurious¡¡to¡¡grandeur¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡usual¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dangerous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡error¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡side¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

minuteness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡caution¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡

have¡¡¡¡¡¡failed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡idea¡¡¡¡¡¡constitutes¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡¡¡¡¡excellence¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡smaller¡¡

things£»¡¡however¡¡perfect¡¡in¡¡their¡¡way£»¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡sacrificed¡¡without¡¡mercy¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡painter¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡inquire¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡admitted¡¡

without¡¡much¡¡censure¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡will¡¡not¡¡think¡¡it¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡show¡¡that¡¡they¡¡may¡¡

be¡¡there£»¡¡he¡¡will¡¡show¡¡that¡¡they¡¡¡¡must¡¡be¡¡there£»¡¡that¡¡their¡¡absence¡¡would¡¡

render¡¡his¡¡picture¡¡maimed¡¡and¡¡defective¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus£»¡¡though¡¡to¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡group¡¡a¡¡second¡¡or¡¡third¡¡be¡¡added£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡

second¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡third¡¡¡¡¡¡mass¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡light£»¡¡¡¡care¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡these¡¡

subordinate¡¡actions¡¡and¡¡lights£»¡¡neither¡¡each¡¡in¡¡particular£»¡¡nor¡¡all¡¡together£»¡¡

come¡¡into¡¡any¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡competition¡¡with¡¡the¡¡principal£»¡¡they¡¡should¡¡make¡¡

a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡that¡¡whole¡¡which¡¡would¡¡be¡¡imperfect¡¡without¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡every¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡38¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡39¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEVEN¡¡DISCOURSES¡¡ON¡¡ART¡¡



part¡¡of¡¡painting¡¡this¡¡rule¡¡may¡¡be¡¡applied¡£¡¡Even¡¡in¡¡portraits£»¡¡the¡¡grace¡¡and£»¡¡

we¡¡may¡¡add£»¡¡the¡¡likeness£»¡¡consists¡¡more¡¡in¡¡taking¡¡the¡¡general¡¡air¡¡than¡¡in¡¡

observing¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡similitude¡¡of¡¡every¡¡feature¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡¡¡¡¡figures¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡ground¡¡¡¡¡¡whereon¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡stand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

clothed£»¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡background£»¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡light¡¡and¡¡shadow£»¡¡but¡¡

none¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡ought¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡appear¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡artist's¡¡

attention¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡managed¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡catch¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

spectator¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡know¡¡well¡¡enough£»¡¡when¡¡we¡¡analyse¡¡a¡¡piece£»¡¡the¡¡difficulty¡¡

and¡¡the¡¡subtlety¡¡with¡¡which¡¡an¡¡artist¡¡adjusts¡¡the¡¡background£»¡¡drapery£»¡¡and¡¡

masses¡¡of¡¡light£»¡¡we¡¡know¡¡that¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡grace¡¡and¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡

his¡¡picture¡¡depends¡¡upon¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡art¡¡is¡¡so¡¡much¡¡concealed£»¡¡even¡¡to¡¡a¡¡

judicious¡¡eye£»¡¡that¡¡no¡¡remains¡¡of¡¡any¡¡of¡¡these¡¡subordinate¡¡parts¡¡occur¡¡to¡¡

memory¡¡when¡¡the¡¡picture¡¡is¡¡not¡¡present¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡great¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art¡¡is¡¡to¡¡strike¡¡the¡¡imagination¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡painter¡¡is£»¡¡

therefore£»¡¡to¡¡make¡¡no¡¡ostentation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡means¡¡by¡¡which¡¡this¡¡is¡¡done£»¡¡the¡¡

spectator¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡feel¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡bosom¡£¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡inferior¡¡¡¡¡¡artist¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

unwilling¡¡that¡¡any¡¡part¡¡of¡¡his¡¡industry¡¡should¡¡be¡¡lost¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡spectator¡£¡¡

He¡¡takes¡¡as¡¡much¡¡pains¡¡to¡¡discover£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡artist¡¡does¡¡to¡¡conceal£»¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡marks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡subordinate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assiduity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡lower¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡kind¡¡

everything¡¡appears¡¡studied¡¡and¡¡encumbered£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡all¡¡boastful¡¡art¡¡and¡¡open¡¡

affectation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡ignorant¡¡often¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡such¡¡pictures¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡wonder¡¡in¡¡

their¡¡mouths£»¡¡and¡¡indifference¡¡in¡¡their¡¡hearts¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡enough¡¡in¡¡invention¡¡that¡¡the¡¡artist¡¡should¡¡restrain¡¡and¡¡keep¡¡

under¡¡all¡¡the¡¡inferior¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡his¡¡subject£»¡¡he¡¡must¡¡sometimes¡¡deviate¡¡from¡¡

vulgar¡¡and¡¡strict¡¡historical¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡pursuing¡¡the¡¡grandeur¡¡of¡¡his¡¡design¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡much¡¡the¡¡great¡¡style¡¡exacts¡¡from¡¡its¡¡professors¡¡to¡¡conceive¡¡and¡¡

represent¡¡their¡¡subjects¡¡in¡¡a¡¡poetical¡¡manner£»¡¡not¡¡confined¡¡to¡¡mere¡¡matter¡¡

of¡¡fact£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cartoons¡¡of¡¡Raffaelle¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡the¡¡pictures¡¡in¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡painter¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡represented¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡apostles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡drawn¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

great¡¡nobleness£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡given¡¡them¡¡as¡¡much¡¡dignity¡¡as¡¡the¡¡human¡¡figure¡¡is¡¡

capable¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡receiving¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡expressly¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Scripture¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

such¡¡respectable¡¡appearance£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Paul¡¡in¡¡particular£»¡¡we¡¡are¡¡told¡¡by¡¡

himself£»¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡bodily¡¡¡¡presence¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡mean¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexander¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

been¡¡of¡¡a¡¡low¡¡stature£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡painter¡¡ought¡¡not¡¡so¡¡to¡¡represent¡¡him¡£¡¡Agesilaus¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡39¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡40¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEVEN¡¡DISCOURSES¡¡ON¡¡ART¡¡



was¡¡low£»¡¡lame£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mean¡¡appearance¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡None¡¡of¡¡these¡¡defects¡¡ought¡¡

to¡¡appear¡¡in¡¡a¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡which¡¡he¡¡is¡¡the¡¡hero¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡conformity¡¡to¡¡custom£»¡¡I¡¡

call¡¡this¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art¡¡history¡¡painting£»¡¡it¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡called¡¡poetical£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡

reality¡¡it¡¡is¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡falsifying¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡fact£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡taking¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡allowed¡¡¡¡¡¡poetical¡¡

licence¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡painter¡¡of¡¡portraits¡¡retains¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡likeness£»¡¡a¡¡painter¡¡of¡¡

history¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shows¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡showing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡actions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡painter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡

compensate¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡deficiencies¡¡of¡¡his¡¡art¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡has¡¡but¡¡one¡¡sentence¡¡to¡¡

utter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡moment¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡exhibit¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot£»¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡poet¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡historian£»¡¡

expatiate£»¡¡and¡¡impress¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡with¡¡great¡¡veneration¡¡for¡¡the¡¡character¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡hero¡¡or¡¡saint¡¡he¡¡represents£»¡¡though¡¡he¡¡lets¡¡us¡¡know¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡

that¡¡the¡¡saint¡¡was¡¡deformed£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡hero¡¡lame¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡painter¡¡has¡¡no¡¡other¡¡

means¡¡of¡¡giving¡¡an¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dignity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mind£»¡¡but¡¡by¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡external¡¡

appearance¡¡which¡¡grandeur¡¡of¡¡thought¡¡does¡¡generall
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü