《the origins of contemporary france-4》

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the origins of contemporary france-4- 第49部分


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Prairial which places everybody's life at his disposal。  … In his

crafty; blundering haste; he has demanded too much; each one; on

reflection; becomes alarmed for himself; he is compelled to back out;

to protest that he is misunderstood; admit that representatives are

excepted; and; accordingly; to sheathe the knife he has already

applied to his adversaries throats。  But he still holds it in his

grasp。  He watches them; and; pretending to retreat; affects a

renunciation; crouched in his corner;'169' waiting until they

discredit themselves; so as to spring upon them a second time。   He

has not to wait long; for the exterminating machine he set up on the

22nd of Prairial; is in their hands; and it has to work as he planned

it; namely; by making rapid turns and almost haphazard: the odium of a

blind sweeping massacre rests with them; he not only makes no

opposition to this; but; while pretending to abstain from it; he urges

it on。  Secluded in the private office of his secret police; he orders

arrests;'170' he sends out his principal bloodhound; Herman; he first

signs and then dispatches the resolution by which it is supposed that

there are conspirators among those in confinement and which;

authorizing spies or paid informers; is to provide the guillotine with

those vast batches which purge and clean prisons out in a trice。〃'171'

…  〃I am not responsible;〃 he states later on 。  。  。  。〃 My lack of

power to do any good; to arrest the evil; forced me for more than six

weeks to abandon my post on the Committee of Public Safety。〃'172'  To

ruin his adversaries by murders committed by him; by those which he

makes them commit and which he imputes to them; to whitewash himself

and blacken them with the same stroke of the brush; what intense

delight! If the natural conscience murmurs in whispers at moments; the

acquired superposed conscience immediately imposes silence; concealing

personal hatreds under public pretexts: the guillotined; after all;

were aristocrats; and whoever comes under the guillotine is immoral。

Thus; the means are good and the end better; in employing the means;

as well as in pursuing the end; the function is sacerdotal。



Such is the scenic exterior of the Revolution; a specious mask with a

hideous visage beneath it; under the reign of a nominal humanitarian

theory; covering over the effective dictatorship of evil and low

passions。  In its true representative; as in itself; we see ferocity

issuing from philanthropy; and; from the pedant (cuistre); the executioner。

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Notes:



'1' Harmand (de la Meuse): 〃Anecdotes relatives à la Revolution。〃 〃He

was dressed like a tough cab…driver。  He had a disturbed look and an

eye always in motion; he acted in an abrupt; quick and jerky way。  A

constant restlessness gave a convulsive contraction to his muscles and

features which likewise affected his manner of walking so that he

didn't walk but hopped。〃



'2' Chevremont; 〃Jean Paul Marat;〃 also Alfred Bougeard; 〃Marat〃

passim。  These two works; with numerous documents; are panegyrics of

Marat。… Bougeat; I。; II (description of Marat by Fabre d'Eglantine);

II。; 259 and I。; 83。  … 〃Journal de la Republique Fran?aise;〃 by

Marat; No。93; January 9; 1793。  〃 I devote only two out of the twenty

four hours to sleep; and only one hour to my meals; toilette and

domestic necessities。  。  。  I have not taken fifteen minutes

recreation for more than three years。〃



'3' Chevremont; I。; pp。  I and 2。  His family; on the father's side;

was Spanish; long settled in Sardinia。  The father; Dr。  Jean Mara;

had abandoned Catholicism and removed to Geneva where he married a

woman of that city; he afterwards established himself in the canton of

Neufchatel。



'4' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise〃 No。98; description of 〃l'Ami

du peuple〃 by himself。



'5' Read his novel 〃Les Aventures du jeune comte Potowski;〃 letter 5;

by Lucile: 〃I think of Potowski only。  My imagination; inflamed at the

torch of love; ever presents to me his sweet image。〃 Letter of

Potowski after his marriage。  〃Lucile now grants to love all that

modesty permits 。  。  。   enjoying such transports of bliss; I believe

that the gods are jealous of my lot。〃



'6' Preface; XX。  〃Descartes; Helvetius; Haller; Lelat all ignored

great principles; Man; with them; is an enigma; an impenetrable

secret。〃 He says in a foot…note; 〃We find evidence of this in the

works of Hume; Voltaire; Bonnet; Racine and Pascal。〃



'7' 〃Mémoires Académiques sur la Lumière;〃 pref。; VII。   He

especially opposes 〃the differential refrangibility of heterogeneous

rays〃 which is 〃the basis of Newton's theory。〃



'8' Chevremont; I。; 74。  (See the testimony of Arago; Feb。24; 1844)。



'9' Ibid。; I。; 104。  (Sketch of a declaration of the rights of man and

of the citizen)。



'10' See the epigraph of his 〃Mémoires sur la Lumiere。〃 〃They will

force their way against wind and tide。〃 … Ibid。; preface; VII。

〃Déconvertes de Monsieur Marat;〃 1780; 2nd ed。; p。  140。



'11' 〃Recherches physiques sur l'electricité;〃 1782; pp。13; 17。



'12' Chevremont; I。; 59。



'13' 〃De l'Homme;〃 preface VII。  and book IV。



'14' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise;〃 No 98。



'15' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise;〃 by Marat; No。  I。



'16' 〃 L'Ami du Peuple〃 No。  173。  (July 26; 1790)。  The memories of

conceited persons; given to immoderate self…expansion; are largely at

fault。  I have seen patients in asylums who; believing in their

exalted position; have recounted their successes in about the same

vein as Marat。  (Chevremont; I。; 40; 47; 54)。  〃The reports of

extraordinary cures effected by me brought me a great crowd of the

sick。  The street in front of my door was blocked with carriages。

People came to consult me from all quarters。  。  。  。  The abstract of

my experiments on Light finally appeared and it created a prodigious

sensation throughout Europe; the newspapers were all filled with it。

I had the court and the town in my house for six months。  。  。  。  The

Academy; finding that it could not stifle my discoveries tried to make

it appear that they had emanated from its body。〃 Three academic bodies

came in turn the same day to see if he would not present himself as a

candidate。  … 〃Up to the present time several crowned heads have

sought me and always on account of the fame of my works。〃



'17' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise;〃 July 6 1793。



'18' Moniteur; (Session of the Convention; Sep。25; 1792)。  Marat;

indeed; is constantly claiming the post of temporary dictator。

(〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。  258; 268; 466; 668 and 〃Appel à la nation;〃

p。53)。



'19' Moniteur; (Session of the Convention; Sep。25; 1792)。  Marat;

indeed; is constantly claiming the post of temporary dictator。

(〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。  258; 268; 466; 668 and 〃Appel à la nation;〃

p。53)。



'20' Moniteur; (Session of the Convention; Sep。25; 1792)。  Marat;

indeed; is constantly claiming the post of temporary dictator。

(〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。  258; 268; 466; 668 and 〃Appel à la nation;〃

p。53)。



'21' Chevremont; I。; 40。  (Marat's letters; 1793)。



'22' Journal de la Republique Fran?aise; No。98。



'23' The words of Marat and Panes。  (Chevremont; I。; 197; 203; also

〃The Revolution〃 II。; 290; 2nd note)。



'24' Michelet; 〃Histoire de la Révolution;〃 II。; 89。  (Narrated by M。

Bourdier; Marat's physician; to M。 Serre; the physiologist)。

Barbaroux; 〃Mémoires;〃 355; (after a visit to Marat): 〃You should see

how superficially Marat composed his articles。  Without any knowledge

of a public man he would ask the first person he met what he thought

of him and this he wrote down; exclaiming 'I'll crush the rascal!'〃



'25' Chevremont; I。; 361。  (From a pamphlet against Necker; by Marat;

July; 1790)。



'26' 〃L'Ami du Peuple;〃 No。552。  (August 30; 1791)。



'27' Ibid。; No。626。  (Dec。  15; 1791)。  Cf。  〃The Revolution;〃 II。;

129; on the number of armed emigrés。  At this date the authorized

number as published is four thousand。



'28' His filthy imputations cannot be quoted。  See in Buchez et Roux;

IX。; 419 (April 26; 1791); and X。; 220 (Nos。  for June 17; 19 and 21);

his statement against Lafayette; again; his list with its vile

qualifications of 〃rascals and rogues;〃 who are canvassing for

election; and his letters on the Academicians。



'29' Buchez et Roux; X。; 407 (Sept。; 1791)。  … Cf。  ibid。; 473。

According to Marat; 〃it is useless to measure a degree of the

meridian; the Egyptians having already given this measure。  The

Academicians 〃obtained an appropriation of one thousand crowns for the

expenses of this undertaking; a small cake which they have fraternally

divided amongst themselves。〃



'30' Chevremont; I。; 238…249。  〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。  419; 519; 543;

608; 641。  Other falsehoods just as extravagant are nearly all

grotesque。  No
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