《lays of ancient rome(古罗马方位)》

下载本书

添加书签

lays of ancient rome(古罗马方位)- 第5部分


按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!

enemies   with   the   delicacy   of   the   Black   Prince;   would   be   to   violate   all 

dramatic   propriety。   The   old   Romans   had   some   great   virtues;   fortitude; 

temperance;       veracity;   spirit  to  resist   oppression;     respect   for  legitimate 

authority;   fidelity   in   the   observing   of   contracts;   disinterestedness;   ardent 

patriotism;     but   Christian    charity   and    chivalrous    generosity     were    alike 

unknown to them。 

     It would   have been   obviously  improper to   mimic  the  manner  of   any 

particular   age   or   country。   Something   has   been   borrowed;   however;   from 

our own old ballads; and more from Sir Walter Scott; the great restorer of 

our ballad…poetry。 To the Iliad still greater obligations are due; and those 

obligations have been contracted with the less hesitation; because there is 

reason to believe that some of the old Latin minstrels really had recourse 

to that inexhaustible store of poetical images。 

     It   would     have   been    easy    to  swell    this  little  volume      to  a  very 

considerable   bulk;   by   appending   notes   filled   with   quotations;   but   to   a 

learned reader such notes are not necessary; for an unlearned reader they 

would have little interest; and the judgment passed both by the learned and 

by the unlearned on a work of the imagination will always depend much 

more   on   the   general   character   and   spirit   of   such   a   work than on   minute 



                                                14 


… Page 15…

                                                  Lays of Ancient Rome 



details。 



                                                                15 


… Page 16…

                                      Lays of Ancient Rome 



                                      Horatius 



     There    can   be   little  doubt   that  among     those   parts  of  early   Roman 

history which had a poetical origin was the legend of Horatius Cocles。 We 

have   several   versions   of   the   story;   and   these   versions   differ   from   each 

other in points of no small importance。 Polybius; there is reason to believe; 

heard    the   tale  recited   over   the  remains     of  some    Consul    or  Pr  鎡   or 

descended      from   the   old   Horatian    patricians;   for  he   introduces    it  as  a 

specimen   of   the   narratives   with   which   the   Romans   were   in   the   habit   of 

embellishing their funeral oratory。 It is remarkable that; according to him; 

Horatius defended the bridge alone; and perished in the waters。 According 

to the   chronicles   which   Livy  and   Dionysius   followed;   Horatius   had   two 

companions; swam safe to shore; and was loaded with honors and rewards。 

     These discrepancies are easily explained。 Our own literature; indeed; 

will furnish an exact parallel to what may have taken place at Rome。 It is 

highly probably that the memory of the war of Porsena was preserved by 

compositions   much   resembling   the   two   ballads   which   stand   first   in   the 

Relics    of   Ancient    English    Poetry。   In   both   those   ballads   the   English; 

commanded         by   the  Percy;    fight  with    the  Scots;   commanded        by   the 

Douglas。 In one of the ballads the Douglas is killed by a nameless English 

archer; and the Percy by a Scottish spearman; in the other; the Percy slays 

the Douglas in single combat; and is himself made prisoner。 In the former; 

Sir   Hugh     Montgomery        is  shot  through    the   heart   by   a  Northumbrian 

bowman; in the latter he is taken and exchanged for the Percy。 Yet both the 

ballads relate to the same event; and that event which probably took place 

within the memory of persons who were alive when both the ballads were 

made。 One of the Minstrels says: 

         ‘‘Old   men   that   knowen   the   grounde   well   yenoughe              Call   it 

the    battell   of   Otterburn:                At    Otterburn     began     this   spurne 

Upon      a  monnyn      day。            Ther    was    the   dougghte     Doglas     slean: 

The Perse never went away。'' 

     The other poet sums up the event in the following lines: 

         ‘‘Thys fraye bygan at Otterborne                     Bytwene the nyghte and 

the day:           Ther the Doglas lost hys lyfe;                   And the Percy was 



                                               16 


… Page 17…

                                        Lays of Ancient Rome 



lede away。'' 

     It is by no means unlikely that there were two old Roman lays about 

the    defence     of  the   bridge;   and    that;  while    the  story   which     Livy    has 

transmitted to us was preferred by the multitude; the other; which ascribed 

the   whole   glory   to   Horatius   alone;   may   have   been   the   favorite   with   the 

Horatian   house。        The   following   ballad   is   supposed   to   have   been   made 

about a   hundred   and   twenty  years   after the   war   which it   celebrates;   and 

just   before   the   taking   of   Rome   by   the   Gauls。 The   author   seems   to   have 

been an honest citizen; proud of the military glory of his country; sick of 

the   disputes   of   factions;   and   much   given   to   pining   after   good   old   times 

which      had   never    really   existed。   The    allusion;    however;     to  the   partial 

manner in which the public lands were allotted could proceed only from a 

plebeian; and the allusion to the fraudulent sale of spoils marks the date of 

the poem; and shows   that the poet shared   in the general discontent   with 

which      the   proceedings      of   Camullus;      after   the   taking    of   Veii;   were 

regarded。 

     The   penultimate   syllable of   the name   Porsena   has been   shortened   in 

spite of the authority of Niebuhr; who pronounces; without assigning any 

ground for his opinion; that Martial was guilty of a decided blunder in the 

line; 

           ‘‘Hanc spectare manum Porsena non potuit。'' 

     It   is   not   easy   to   understand   how   any   modern   scholar;   whatever   his 

attainments may be;and those of Niebuhr were undoubtedly immense; 

can venture to pronounce that Martial did not know the quantity of a word 

which he must have uttered; and heard uttered; a hundred times before he 

left school。 Niebuhr seems also to have forgotten that Martial has fellow 

culprits   to   keep    him   in   countenance。   Horace   has   committed   the   same 

decided blunder; for he give us; as a pure iambic line; 

           ‘‘Minacis aut Etrusca Porsen* dextram;'' 

     Silius   Italicus   has   repeatedly   offended   in   the   same   way;   as   when   he 

ways;     ‘‘Clusinum   vulgus;       cum;    Porsena     magne;     jubebas。''   A   modern 

writer may be content to err in such company。 

     Niebuhr's   supposition   that   each   of   the   three   defenders   of   the   bridge 

was the representative of one of the three patrician tribes is both ingenious 



                                                  17 


… Page 18…

                                     Lays of Ancient Rome 



and probable; and has been adopted in the following poem。 



                                        Horatius 



       A Lay Made About the Year Of The City CCCLX 



                                               I 



     Lars Porsena of Closium                By the Nine Gods he swore That the 

great house of Tarquin               Should suffer wrong no more。 By the Nine 

Gods     he   swore    it;         And     named    a  trysting   day;   And    bade   his 

messengers      ride   forth;  East   and   west   and   south   and   north;          To 

summon his array。 



                                              II 



     East   and   west   and   south   and   north        The   messengers   ride   fast; 

And   tower   and   town   and   cottage           Have   heard   the   trumpet's   blast。 

Shame      on   the  false  Etruscan           Who      lingers   in  his  home;    When 

Porsena of Clusium               Is on the march for Rome。 



                                              III 



     The   horsemen   and      the   footmen          Are   pouring     in   amain  From 

many   a    stately   market…place;           From   many      a  fruitful  plain;  From 

many   a    lonely   hamlet;          Which;     hid   by   beech   and  pine;   Like   an 

eagle's nest; hangs on the crest              Of purple Apennine; 



                                              IV 



     From lordly Volaterr*;              Where scowls the far…famed hold Piled 

by    the  hands   of  giants          For    godlike   kings   of  old;   From    seagirt 

Populonia;            Whose sentinels descry Sardinia's snowy mountain…tops 



       
小提示:按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目,按 ← 键 返回上一页, 按 → 键 进入下一页。 赞一下 添加书签加入书架