《the hispanic nations of the new world》

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e and Kolonialmdchte〃 (Hamburg; 1913)。 For the Spanish colonial regime alone; E。 G。 Bourne; 〃Spain in America〃 (New York; 1904) is excellent。 The situation in southern South America toward the close of Spanish rule is well described in Bernard Moses; 〃South America on the Eve of Emancipation〃 (New York; 1908)。 Among contemporary accounts of that period; Alexander von Humboldt and Aime Bonpland; 〃Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America〃; 3 vols。 (London; 1881); Alexander von Humboldt; 〃Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain〃; 4 vols。 (London;1811…1822); and F。 R。 J。 de Pons; 〃Travels in South America〃; 2 vols。 (London; 1807); are authoritative; even if not always easy to read。

On the wars of independence; see the scholarly treatise by W。 S。 Robertson; 〃Rise of the Spanish…American Republics as Told in the Lives of their Liberators〃 (New York; 1918); Bartolome Mitre; 〃The Emancipation of South America〃 (London; 1893)a condensed translation of the author's 〃Historia de San Martin〃; and wholly favorable to that patriot; and F。 L。 Petre; 〃Simon Bolivar〃 (London; 1910)impartial at the expense of the imagination。 Among the numerous contemporary accounts; the following will be found serviceable: W。 D。 Robinson; 〃Memoirs of the Mexican Revolution〃 (Philadelphia; 1890); J。 R。 Poinsett; 〃Notes on Mexico〃 (London; 1825); H。 M。 Brackenridge; 〃Voyage to South America; 2 vols。 (London; 1820); W。 B。 Stevenson; 〃Historical and Descriptive Narrative of Twenty Years' Residence in South America〃; 3 vols。 (London; 1895); J。 Miller; 〃Memoirs of General Miller in the Service of the Republic of Peru〃; 2 vols。 (London; 1828); H。 L。 V。 Ducoudray Holstein; 〃Memoirs of Simon Bolivar〃; 2 vols。 (London; 1830); and John Armitage; 〃History of Brazil〃; 2 vols。 (London; 1836)。

The best books on the history of the republics as a whole since the attainment of independence; and written from an Hispanic American viewpoint; are F。 Garcia Calderon; 〃Latin America; its Rise and Progress〃 (New York; 1913); and M。 de Oliveira Lima; 〃The Evolution of Brazil Compared with that of Spanish and Anglo…Saxon America〃 (Stanford University; California; 1914)。 The countries of Central America are dealt with by W。 H。 Koebel; 〃Central America〃 (New York; 1917); and of South America by T。 C。 Dawson; 〃The South American Republics〃; 2 vols。 (New York; 1903…1904); and C。 E。 Akers; 〃History of South America〃 (London; 1912); though in a manner that often confuses rather than enlightens。

Among the histories and descriptions of individual countries; arranged in alphabetical order; the following are probably the most useful to the general reader: W。 A。 Hirst; 〃Argentina〃 (New York; 1910); Paul Walle; 〃Bolivia〃 (New York; 1914); Pierre Denis; 〃Brazil〃 (New York; 1911); G。 F。 S。 Elliot; 〃Chile〃 (New York; 1907); P。 J。 Eder; 〃Colombia〃 (New York; 1913); J。 B。 Calvo; 〃The Republic of Costa Rica〃 (Chicago; 1890); A。 G。 Robinson; 〃Cuba; Old and New〃 (New York; 1915); Otto Schoenrich; 〃Santo Domingo〃 (New York; 1918); C。 R。 Enock; 〃Ecuador〃 (New York; 1914); C。 R。 Enock; 〃Mexico〃 (New York; 1909); W。 H。 Koebel; 〃Paraguay〃 (New York; 1917); C。 R。 Enock; 〃Peru〃 (New York; 1910); W。 H。 Koebel; 〃Uruguay〃 (New York; 1911); and L。 V。 Dalton; 〃Venezuela〃 (New York; 1912)。 Of these; the books by Robinson and Eder; on Cuba and Colombia; respectively; are the most readable and reliable。

For additional bibliographical references see 〃South America〃 and the articles on individual countries in 〃The Encyclopaedia Britannica〃; 11th edition; and in Marrion Wilcox and G。 E。 Rines; 〃Encyclopedia of Latin America〃 (New York; 1917)。

Of contemporary or later works descriptive of the life and times of eminent characters in the history of the Hispanic American republics since 1830; a few may be taken as representative。 Rosas: J。 A。 King; 〃Twenty…four Years in the Argentine Republic〃 (London; 1846); and Woodbine Parish; 〃Buenos Ayres and the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata〃 (London; 1850)。 Francia: J。 R。 Rengger; 〃Reign of Dr。 Joseph Gaspard Roderick '!' de Francia in Paraguay〃 (London; 1827); J。 P。 and W。 P。 Robertson; 〃Letters on South America〃; 3 vols。 (London; 1843); and E。 L。 White; 〃El Supremo〃; a novel (New York; 1916)。 Santa Anna: Waddy Thompson; 〃Recollections of Mexico〃 (New York; 1846); and F。 E。 Ingles; Calderon de la Barca; 〃Life in Mexico〃 (London; 1859。)。 Juarez: U。 R。 Burke; 〃Life of Benito Juarez〃 (London; 1894)。 Solano Lopez: T。 J。 Hutchinson; 〃Parana; with Incidents of the Paraguayan War and South American Recollections〃 (London; 1868); George Thompson; 〃The War in Paraguay〃 (London; 1869); R。 F。 Burton; 〃Letters from the Battle…fields of Paraguay〃 (London; 1870); and C。 A。 Washburn; 〃The History of Paraguay〃; 2 vols。 (Boston; 1871)。 Pedro II: J。 C。 Fletcher and D。 P。 Kidder; 〃Brazil and the Brazilians〃 (Boston; 1879); and Frank Bennett; 〃Forty Years in Brazil 〃(London; 1914)。 Garcia Moreno: Frederick Hassaurek; 〃Four Years among Spanish Americans 〃(New York; 1867)。 Guzman Blanco: C。 D。 Dance; 〃Recollections of Four Years in Venezuela〃 (London; 1876)。 Diaz: James Creelman; 〃Diaz; Master of Mexico〃 (New York; 1911)。 Balmaceda: M。 H。 Hervey; 〃Dark Days in Chile〃 (London; 1891…1890。 Carranza: L。 Gutierrez de Lara and Edgcumb Pinchon; 〃The Mexican People: their Struggle for Freedom〃 (New York; 1914)。






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