《alcibiades i》

下载本书

添加书签

alcibiades i- 第10部分


按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!



SOCRATES:  There must be no hesitation or cowardice; my friend。



ALCIBIADES:  That would not become us; Socrates。



SOCRATES:  No; indeed; and we ought to take counsel together:  for do we

not wish to be as good as possible?



ALCIBIADES:  We do。



SOCRATES:  In what sort of virtue?



ALCIBIADES:  Plainly; in the virtue of good men。



SOCRATES:  Who are good in what?



ALCIBIADES:  Those; clearly; who are good in the management of affairs。



SOCRATES:  What sort of affairs?  Equestrian affairs?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly not。



SOCRATES:  You mean that about them we should have recourse to horsemen?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Well; naval affairs?



ALCIBIADES:  No。



SOCRATES:  You mean that we should have recourse to sailors about them?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Then what affairs?  And who do them?



ALCIBIADES:  The affairs which occupy Athenian gentlemen。



SOCRATES:  And when you speak of gentlemen; do you mean the wise or the

unwise?



ALCIBIADES:  The wise。



SOCRATES:  And a man is good in respect of that in which he is wise?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And evil in respect of that in which he is unwise?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly。



SOCRATES:  The shoemaker; for example; is wise in respect of the making of

shoes?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Then he is good in that?



ALCIBIADES:  He is。



SOCRATES:  But in respect of the making of garments he is unwise?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Then in that he is bad?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Then upon this view of the matter the same man is good and also

bad?



ALCIBIADES:  True。



SOCRATES:  But would you say that the good are the same as the bad?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly not。



SOCRATES:  Then whom do you call the good?



ALCIBIADES:  I mean by the good those who are able to rule in the city。



SOCRATES:  Not; surely; over horses?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly not。



SOCRATES:  But over men?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  When they are sick?



ALCIBIADES:  No。



SOCRATES:  Or on a voyage?



ALCIBIADES:  No。



SOCRATES:  Or reaping the harvest?



ALCIBIADES:  No。



SOCRATES:  When they are doing something or nothing?



ALCIBIADES:  When they are doing something; I should say。



SOCRATES:  I wish that you would explain to me what this something is。



ALCIBIADES:  When they are having dealings with one another; and using one

another's services; as we citizens do in our daily life。



SOCRATES:  Those of whom you speak are ruling over men who are using the

services of other men?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Are they ruling over the signal…men who give the time to the

rowers?



ALCIBIADES:  No; they are not。



SOCRATES:  That would be the office of the pilot?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  But; perhaps you mean that they rule over flute…players; who

lead the singers and use the services of the dancers?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly not。



SOCRATES:  That would be the business of the teacher of the chorus?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Then what is the meaning of being able to rule over men who use

other men?



ALCIBIADES:  I mean that they rule over men who have common rights of

citizenship; and dealings with one another。



SOCRATES:  And what sort of an art is this?  Suppose that I ask you again;

as I did just now; What art makes men know how to rule over their fellow…

sailors;how would you answer?



ALCIBIADES:  The art of the pilot。



SOCRATES:  And; if I may recur to another old instance; what art enables

them to rule over their fellow…singers?



ALCIBIADES:  The art of the teacher of the chorus; which you were just now

mentioning。



SOCRATES:  And what do you call the art of fellow…citizens?



ALCIBIADES:  I should say; good counsel; Socrates。



SOCRATES:  And is the art of the pilot evil counsel?



ALCIBIADES:  No。



SOCRATES:  But good counsel?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes; that is what I should say;good counsel; of which the

aim is the preservation of the voyagers。



SOCRATES:  True。  And what is the aim of that other good counsel of which

you speak?



ALCIBIADES:  The aim is the better order and preservation of the city。



SOCRATES:  And what is that of which the absence or presence improves and

preserves the order of the city?  Suppose you were to ask me; what is that

of which the presence or absence improves or preserves the order of the

body?  I should reply; the presence of health and the absence of disease。 

You would say the same?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And if you were to ask me the same question about the eyes; I

should reply in the same way; 'the presence of sight and the absence of

blindness;' or about the ears; I should reply; that they were improved and

were in better case; when deafness was absent; and hearing was present in

them。



ALCIBIADES:  True。



SOCRATES:  And what would you say of a state?  What is that by the presence

or absence of which the state is improved and better managed and ordered?



ALCIBIADES:  I should say; Socrates:the presence of friendship and the

absence of hatred and division。



SOCRATES:  And do you mean by friendship agreement or disagreement?



ALCIBIADES:  Agreement。



SOCRATES:  What art makes cities agree about numbers?



ALCIBIADES:  Arithmetic。



SOCRATES:  And private individuals?



ALCIBIADES:  The same。



SOCRATES:  And what art makes each individual agree with himself?



ALCIBIADES:  The same。



SOCRATES:  And what art makes each of us agree with himself about the

comparative length of the span and of the cubit?  Does not the art of

measure?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  Individuals are agreed with one another about this; and states;

equally?



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And the same holds of the balance?



ALCIBIADES:  True。



SOCRATES:  But what is the other agreement of which you speak; and about

what? what art can give that agreement?  And does that which gives it to

the state give it also to the individual; so as to make him consistent with

himself and with another?



ALCIBIADES:  I should suppose so。



SOCRATES:  But what is the nature of the agreement?answer; and faint not。



ALCIBIADES:  I mean to say that there should be such friendship and

agreement as exists between an affectionate father and mother and their

son; or between brothers; or between husband and wife。



SOCRATES:  But can a man; Alcibiades; agree with a woman about the spinning

of wool; which she understands and he does not?



ALCIBIADES:  No; truly。



SOCRATES:  Nor has he any need; for spinning is a female accomplishment。



ALCIBIADES:  Yes。



SOCRATES:  And would a woman agree with a man about the science of arms;

which she has never learned?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly not。



SOCRATES:  I suppose that the use of arms would be regarded by you as a

male accomplishment?



ALCIBIADES:  It would。



SOCRATES:  Then; upon your view; women and men have two sorts of knowledge?



ALCIBIADES:  Certainly。



SOCRATES:  Then in their knowledge there is no agreement of women and men?



ALCIBIADES:  There is not。



SOCRATES:  Nor can there be friendship; if friendship is agreement?



ALCIBIADES:  Plainly not。



SOCRATES:  Then women are not loved by men when they do their own work?



ALCIBIADES:  I suppose not。



SOCRATES:  Nor men by women when they do their own work?



ALCIBIADES:  No。



SOCRATES:  Nor are states well administered; when individuals do their own

work?



ALCIBIADES:  I should rather think; Socrates; that the reverse is the

truth。  (Compare Republic。)



SOCRATES:  What! do you mean to say that states are well administered when

friendship is absent; the presence of which; as we were saying; alone

secures their good order?



ALCIBIADES:  But I should say that there is friendship among them; for this

very reason; that the two parties respectively do their own work。



SOCRATES:  That was not what you were saying before; and what do you mean

now by affirming that friendship exists when there is no agreement?  How

can there be agreement about matters which the one party knows; and of

which the other is in ignorance?



ALCIBIADES:  Impossible。




SOCRATES:  And when individuals are doing their own work; are they doing

what is just or unjust?



ALCIBIADES:  What is just; certainly。



SOCRATES:  And when individuals do what is just in the state; is there no

friendship among them?



ALCIBIADES:  I suppose that there must be; Socrates。



SOCRATES:  Then what do you mean by this friendship or agreement about

which we must be wise and discreet in order that we may be good men?  I

cannot make out where it exists or among whom; according to you; the same

pers
小提示:按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目,按 ← 键 返回上一页, 按 → 键 进入下一页。 赞一下 添加书签加入书架