standard entry into the pool。
没有比观看跳水运动员入水之前短短几秒之内做转体等跳水动作更让人愉悦的了。跳水不仅动作优雅讲究技巧，而且具有相当快的速度，因为跳水运动员的身体触水时，速度能够快于穿越市区的汽车，这使得跳水成为运动和艺术独一无二的完美结合。无人确切知道跳水正式始于何时，但从悬崖跳入水中的活动已有数千年历史。史料证实跳水的起源至少要追溯到希腊远古的比赛。在现代跳板和跳台发明之前的很长一段时间里，人们都是从悬崖或桥上跳入水中，在从空中下降直至入水的过程中，迅速分泌的肾上腺素使得人们产生了兴奋和快乐的感觉。跳水在十七世纪进一步发展成为一种体育运动。运动员要在水面上完成各种技巧动作。1880年在英国举行了第一次正式的跳水比赛，最初跳水只有直体向前跳水一种姿势，酷似游泳者的标准入水。
While swimming and diving are seen as inter…connected sporting disciplines； part of the same water family so to speak； contemporary diving has more in common really with gymnastics。 In the early 1800s； Swedish and German gymnasts practiced their somersaults and twists over water。 Their practices became known as fancy diving； a term that stuck until the early 1900s。 When diving debuted at the 1904 Olympics； one of the two events was a plunge for distance； the goal being to swim the furthest underwater after a dive。 The event was dropped immediately because it was not well received by the audience not really a spectator sport as most of the action happened under the water。 At the 1908 Games in London； the pool was 100m long and the diving tower was removable。 In 1908； springboard diving was added to the original platform diving event。 At the 1912 Stockholm Games 〃fancy highdiving〃 was introduced and it was the first time women were allowed to compete in their own platform event。 Women had a springboard event which began in 1920。 The first concrete diving tower appeared in 1924 in Paris。 In the 1920s； divers grew tired of the slow rotation from rigid take…offs starting with a straight position。 They became fancier as the pike and tuck positions began to dominate； making multiple somersaults possible。
虽然游泳和跳水因为都是水上运动，而通常被联系在一起，现代跳水与体操却有着更多相似之处。十九世纪初期，瑞典和德国的体操运动员在水上练习翻滚以及转体。他们的实践发展成为人们所知的花式跳水，这一词沿用至二十世纪早期。当跳水在1904年奥运会上初次亮相的时候，两个比赛项目之一是类似跳远一样的跳水，其目的是让运动员获得冲力以便能在水底下游得最远，该项目不久就被取消了，因为观众并不看好它，它不是一项真正的观赏性运动。1908年在伦敦举行的奥运会上，跳水池的长度为100米，跳台也是可以活动的。那年跳板项目出现，成为继最初的跳台跳水之后的新项目。1912斯德哥尔摩奥运会上，“花式高台跳水”出现，女子第一次有了自己的跳台项目。1920年女子跳板项目设立，第一个水泥跳台诞生于1924年的巴黎。20世纪二十年代时跳水运动员厌倦了缓慢的旋转动作，这是由僵硬的起跳加直体姿势造成的。当屈体和抱膝成为主要的跳水姿势后，更多的翻腾动作使运动员有了更加精彩的表现。
More About Diving
Development of World Diving跳水的发展：
Diving developed in Europe in the 17th century； when gymnasts practised their acrobatics over water。 The modern sport of diving originated in Germany and Sweden at the beginning of the 19th century。 The sports were named springboard diving； plain high diving； and fancy high diving。 Competitive diving first gained international prominence in the early 20th century； when men’s plain high diving debuted as an Olympic event at the 1904 Games。 Springboard diving joined the Games four years later in London； England。 Men’s fancy high diving and women’s plain high diving became Olympic sports at the 1912 Games in Stockholm； Sweden。
Olympic History跳水在奥运会上的历史：
Diving was contested at the 1904 Olympics in St。 Louis； and its appearance on the Olympic programme in both springboard and platform events has been continuous since 1908。 The diving programme has been relatively constant since 1928； with men and women competing in both the 10 metre platform and the 3 metre springboard events。 Prior to that time； a men's event for plain high diving was on the programme in 1912； 1920 and 1924。 Early Olympic competitions also differed in the heights of the platform and springboard。
Two new events were added to the Olympic programme in 2000 for both men and women； these being synchronised platform diving and synchronised springboard diving。 These events consist of two divers leaving the platform or springboard simultaneously and diving together。 Usually the athletes perform the same dive； although occasionally dives which complement each other are chosen。
Diving Facilities and Equipment跳水设施：
Platform跳台：
Platform competitions use three heights： 5 m （16。4 ft）； 7。5 m （24。6 ft）； and 10 m （32。8 ft）。 The platforms vary in width and length depending on their height。 The 10…m platform is 2 m （6。6 ft） wide and 6 m （19。7 ft） long。 A nonslip material covers the surface and the front edge of the platform； and handrails surround the back and sides。 Many pools have stacked platforms； with one platform built directly above another。 The platform above projects a minimum of 76 cm （30 in） beyond the platform below； so that the diver does not hit the lower one on the way down。 Collegiate divers may use all three platform heights during competition。 In platform competitions at the Olympic Games； world championships； and World Cup； 10 m is the standard height。
Springboard跳板：
Competitive springboards are 1 m （3。3 ft） and 3 m （9。8 ft） above the surface of the water。 They are made of an aluminum alloy and measure 4。9 m （16 ft） long and 。5 m （1。6 ft） wide。 Springboards hang over the pool at least 1。5 m （5 ft） beyond the edge。 The last portion of the board is made of a lightweight material that minimizes the potential for serious injury if a diver accidentally hits it with the hands； arms； feet； or head。 High school divers use 1…m springboards。 Both 1…m and 3…m boards are used in collegiate competitions； as well as the world championships and World Cup。 Olympic springboard diving is limited to the 3…m competition。
Diving Today：
Diving today is one of the world's most popular sports。 Thousands of people dive every day in some form in almost all of the world's countries。 Many Chinese divers actually go to Diving school when they are very young； where training and study are of equal importance。 In the Olympic games； diving is always one of the most popular events for its excitement； beauty and drama。
Amateur Diving业余跳水：
Amateur diving is the organized sport which athletes compete in at swimming pools around the world。 In Amateur competitions； divers compete always against members of their same sex。 There are junior competitions where age is taken into considerations； and senior competitions which are open to all age groups。 In most cases divers all perform a list of dives。 These lists are made up of easier dives called compulsories； and harder dives called optionals。 The group of compulsory dives has a limit of combined difficulty and must cover all groups of dives。 The optional dives must also cover all groups of dives； but has no difficulty limit。 Some competitions only have optional dives。
Professional Diving （High Diving高台跳水and Cliff Diving悬崖跳水） ：
Professional diving is when the athletes are paid to perform in some form of High Diving or Stunt Diving。 There are acrobatic diving shows all over the world in amusement parks； fairs and water parks。 These shows often contain a combination of normal diving； clown diving； fire diving； and high diving。 Clown divers delight the crowd with all sort of humorous antics。 Fire divers done protective clothing and set themselves on fire before diving into the water。 High Diving consists of acrobatic dives between 23 … 28 meters； from 75…90 feet up； many times into very shallow water of around 9 feet deep。 When the diver takes off from a natural rock rather than a man…made platform； it is reffered to as Cliff Diving。 From that height； the athlete has around 3 seconds before impacting on the surface of the water。 The speed when entering the water is between 78 km/h and 100 km/h。
Diving Events Rules
跳水规则
The individual medal diving events are the men's 3m springboard； the men's 10m platform； the women's 3m springboard and the women's 10m platform。 Using 〃fancy〃 to describe diving is probably more apt for synchronized diving； which made its Olympic debut at the 2000 Sydney Olympics。 Synchronized diving events consist of men's 3m and 10m and women's 3m and 10m。 These events consist of two divers leaving the platform or springboard simultaneously and diving together。 Usually the athletes perform the same dive； although occasionally dives which complement each other are chosen。 Divers must attempt a set number of dives selected from each of the main diving groups。 The springboard competition consists of five groups： front； back； reverse； inward and twisting。 Platform competition includes those five groups； plus the armstand dive。 The United States has dominated the sport of diving； perhaps to an even greater extent than any other sport at the Olympics。 In the 1980s the Chinese entered diving competition and posed the first serious threat to American dominance。 And now；