inese entered diving competition and posed the first serious threat to American dominance。 And now； China claims to be the dream team in diving； being the target of envy on both the platform and springboard for years。 Led by such stars as Fu Mingxia and Xiong Ni； the team swept five out of the eight gold medals on offer at the millennium Olympic Games in Sydney。
跳水的个人竞赛项目分为男子3米跳板，男子10米跳台，女子3米跳板和女子10米跳台。“花式”用以描述双人跳水可能更确切。2000年悉尼奥运会上，双人跳水第一次亮相，双人跳水项目分为男女3米跳板和男女10米跳台，该项目要求两名运动员同时起跳共同完成动作，通常运动员的动作是一致的，但有时也会选择互补性动作。跳水运动员必须完成一定数量的动作，这些动作分别选自不同的组别。跳板比赛有五组动作：向前，向后，反身，向内和转体。跳台比赛除上述五组动作外，还有臂立跳水动作。美国在跳水上一直占有绝对优势，也许是其它任何奥运会项目无法比拟的。二十世纪八十年代中国进军跳水项目，美国的霸主地位第一次受到威胁。现在中国声明要成为跳水梦之队，数年来中国的跳台和跳板项目，一直是令人嫉妒的对象，在伏明霞和熊倪等体育明星的带领下，将悉尼奥运会跳水比赛八枚金牌中的五枚收入囊中。
In diving competitions； competitors perform a series of dives and are awarded points up to 10； depending upon their elegance and skill。 The points are then adjusted for the degree of difficulty； based on the number and types of maneuvers attempted； such as somersaults； pikes； tucks and twists。 A reverse 1。5 somersault with 4。5 twists； for example； is among the most difficult。 Judges are appointed by FINA； the international body governing diving。 If possible； the nationalities of the judges differ from the competitors。 The referee is in charge of the competition and makes sure all regulations are followed。 Judges rate both technique and style。 Judges assess the diver's approach； take…off； elevation； execution and entry。 Individual diving events have seven judges。 For synchronized diving； four judges will assess the divers' skills and five others will judge how the pairs match each other in terms of height； distance from the springboard or platform； speed of rotation and entry into the water。 Five judges assess the synchronization of the dives； and four award marks for execution。 Two of the four judges judging the execution focus on each diver's performance。 The synchronization judges focus exclusively on synchronization in the approach； take…off （including similarity of height）； coordinated timing of movements during flight； similarity of entry angles； comparative distance from the board at entry； and simultaneous entries。 The highest and lowest scores awarded for both execution and synchronization are discarded； and the final score is calculated in the same manner as other dives。 Each dive is considered without regard to the difficulty figure。
比赛中选手们将完成一系列跳水动作，每跳的满分为10分，按运动员动作的优美性和技术性给分，然后评分将根据难度系数进行调整。难度系数以动作数量以及翻腾，转体，屈体和抱膝等空中技术和姿势为基础，例如反身翻腾1周半转体4周半，它的难度系数最大。裁判员由国际游泳联合会指定，这是负责跳水项目的国际组织，如有可能，裁判员的国籍将不会同于选手的国籍，裁判长全面负责比赛工作，确保一切活动按竞赛规程进行，裁判员按照技术和动作类型评分，对选手的助跑，起跳，起跳高度，动作完成以及入水进行评定。单人比赛设7名裁判员，而双人跳水比赛中，4名裁判员负责评定动作的技术质量，另5名则评判选手的相互配合情况，比如高度与板和台的距离，旋转速度以及入水情况。5名裁判员评判动作的同步性，4名裁判员评判动作的完成质量，其中每2名负责评判一名选手，评判同步配合的裁判员专门负责评判动作的同步性，例如助跑，起跳，包括起跳高度的一致性，空中动作配合的时间，入水角度的一致性，入水时与板或台的相对距离，入水时间的一致性。技术质量和同步配合两方面的最高分和最低分都将被去掉，最后得分的计算方法与其他项目相同，评判时不考虑难度系数。
More About Diving
跳水种类：
Standing dive站立跳水：
A forward or backward facing dive from a standing position at the end of the springboard or platform。
Arm stand dive臂立跳水：
A dive that begins from a handstand position； used only in platform diving。
Running dive跑动跳水：
A dive performed with a walking or running approach。
Other Rules其它规则：
The diver must be able to see the surface of the water during the dive； and FINA has several requirements to ensure this。 Springboards and platforms in outdoor pools must face north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere； this avoids glare from the sun； which lies to the south in the northern hemisphere and to the north in the southern hemisphere。 For indoor pools and for diving at night in outdoor pools； lighting must be sufficient。 Any sources of illumination should prevent glare。
A smooth surface of water can make it difficult for athletes to judge the distance to the water。 Therefore； many competition pools have machines that agitate the water under the springboards and platforms； making the surface more visible。 Some pools that host major events have elevators that take divers to the top of the platform and underwater windows below the surface of the pool for observers and television cameras。
Diving Techniques 跳水技术：
A basic dive has four distinct phases： the starting position； the take…off； the in…flight maneuvers； and the entry into the water。 Divers learn each of these components by repeating the dive or skill over and over。 Divers also use skill progressions to learn more difficult dives。 They first master simple skills such as feetfirst jumps before learning body positions； alignment； somersaults； and twists。 These complex skills are often taught on dry land using special equipment such as trampolines combined with safety harnesses that can suspend the diver in the air with ropes。 Foam pits that cushion landings from low springboards are also used。
Approach跑台、走板：
Three or more steps a diver takes to the end of a springboard or platform before take…off。
Take…off起跳：
A diver's lift…off from the board。
Elevation腾空：
The height a diver achieves from a take…off。