ring； supperless； to their perch。
In the dark of midnight one may sometimes hear the white…throat softly singing in its dreams。
GREEN； GREENISH GRAY； OLIVE； AND YELLOWISH OLIVE BIRDS
Tree Swallow Ruby…throated Humming…bird Golden…crowned Kinglet Ruby…crowned Kinglet Solitary Vireo Red…eyed Vireo White…eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo Ovenbird Worm…eating Warbler Acadian Flycatcher Yellow…bellied Flycatcher Black…throated Green Warbler
Look also among the Olive…brown Birds； especially for the Cuckoos； Alice's and the Olive…backed Thrushes； and look in the yellow group； many of whose birds are olive also。 See also females of the Red Crossbill； Orchard Oriole； Scarlet Tanager； Summer Tanager。
GREEN； GREENISH GRAY； OLIVE； AND YELLOWISH OLIVE BIRDS
TREE SWALLOW （Tachycineta bicolor） Swallow family
Called also： WHITE…BELLIED SWALLOW
Length 5 to 6 inches。 A little shorter than the English sparrow； but apparently much larger because of its wide wing spread。 Male Lustrous dark steel…green above； darker and shading into black on wings and tail； which is forked。 Under parts soft white。 Female Duller than male。 Range North America； from Hudson Bay to Panama。 Migrations End of March。 September or later。 Summer resident。
〃The stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times： and the turtle and the crane and the swallow observe the time of their coming。〃 Jeremiah； viii。 7。
The earliest of the family to appear in the spring； the tree swallow comes skimming over the freshly ploughed fields with a wide sweep of the wings； in what appears to be a perfect ecstasy of flight。 More shy of the haunts of man； and less gregarious than its cousins； it is usually to be seen during migration flying low over the marshes； ponds； and streams with a few chosen friends； keeping up an incessant warbling twitter while performing their bewildering and tireless evolutions as they catch their food on the wing。 Their white breasts flash in the sunlight； and it is only when they dart near you； and skim close along the surface of the water； that you discover their backs to be not black； but rich； dark green； glossy to iridescence。
It is probable that these birds keep near the waterways because their favorite insects and wax…berries are more plentiful in such places： but this peculiarity has led many people to the absurd belief that the tree swallow buries itself under the mud of ponds in winter in a state of hibernation。 No bird's breathing apparatus is made to operate under mud。
In unsettled districts these swallows nest in hollow trees； hence their name； but with that laziness that forms a part of the degeneracy of civilization； they now gladly accept the boxes about men's homes set up for the martins。 Thousands of these beautiful birds have been shot on the Long Island marshes and sold to New York epicures for snipe。
RUBY…THROATED HUMMING…BIRD （Trochilus colubris） Humming…bird Family
＇Called also RUBY…THROATED HUMMINGBIRD； AOU 1998＇
Length 3。5 to 3。75 inches。 A trifle over half as long as the English sparrow。 The smallest bird we have。 Male Bright metallic green above； wings and tail darkest； with ruddy…purplish reflections and dusky…white tips on outer tail quills。 Throat and breast brilliant metallic red in one light； orange flame in another； and dusky orange in another； according as the light strikes the plumage。 Sides greenish； underneath lightest gray； with whitish border outlining the brilliant breast。 Bill long and needle…like。 Female Without the brilliant feathers on throat； darker gray beneath。 Outer tail…quills are banded with black and tipped with white。 Range Eastern North America； from northern Canada to the Gulf Of Mexico in summer。 Winters in Central America。 Migrations May。 October。 Common summer resident。
This smallest； most exquisite and unabashed of our bird neighbors cannot be mistaken； for it is the only one of its kin found east of the plains and north of Florida； although about four hundred species； native only to the New World； have been named by scientists。 How does it happen that this little tropical jewel alone flashes about our Northern gardens？ Does it never stir the spirit of adventure and emulation in the glistening breasts of its stay…at…home cousins in the tropics by tales of luxuriant tangles of honeysuckle and clematis on our cottage porches； of deep…cupped trumpet…flowers climbing over the walls of old…fashioned gardens； where larkspur； narcissus； roses； and phlox； that crowd the box…edged beds； are more gay and honey…laden than their little brains can picture？ Apparently it takes only the wish to be in a place to transport one of these little fairies either from the honeysuckle trellis to the canna bed or from Yucatan to the Hudson。 It is easy to see how to will and to fly are allied in the minds of the humming…birds； as they are in the Latin tongue。 One minute poised in midair； apparently motionless before a flower while draining the nectar from its deep cup though the humming of its wings tells that it is suspended there by no magic the next instant it has flashed out of sight as if a fairy's wand had made it suddenly invisible。 Without seeing the hummer； it might be； and often is； mistaken for a bee improving the 〃shining hour。〃
At evening one often hears of a 〃humming…bird〃 going the rounds of the garden； but at this hour it is usually the sphinx…moth hovering above the flower…beds the one other creature besides the bee for which the bird is ever mistaken。 The postures and preferences of this beautiful large moth make the mistake a very natural one。
The ruby…throat is strangely fearless and unabashed。 It will dart among the vines on the veranda while the entire household are assembled there； and add its hum to that of the conversation in a most delightfully neighborly way。 Once a glistening little sprite； quite undaunted by the size of an audience that sat almost breathless enjoying his beauty； thrust his bill into one calyx after another on a long sprig of honeysuckle held in the hand。
And yet； with all its friendliness or is it simply fearlessness？ the bird is a desperate duellist； and will lunge his deadly blade into the jewelled breast of an enemy at the slightest provocation and quicker than thought。 All the heat of his glowing throat seems to be transferred to his head while the fight continues； sometimes even to the death a cruel； but marvellously beautiful sight as the glistening birds dart and tumble about beyond the range of peace…makers。
High up in a tree； preferably one whose knots and lichen…covered excrescences are calculated to help conceal the nest that so cleverly imitates them； the mother humming…bird saddles her exquisite cradle to a horizontal limb。 She lines it with plant down； fluffy bits from cat…tails； and the fronds of fern； felting the material into a circle that an elm…leaf amply roofs over。 Outside； lichens or bits of bark blend the nest so harmoniously with its surroundings that one may look long and thoroughly before discovering it。 Two infinitesimal； white eggs tax the nest accommodation to its utmost。
In the mating season the female may be seen perching a posture one rarely catches her gay lover in preening her dainty but sombre feathers with ladylike nicety。 The young birds do a great deal of perching before they gain the marvellously rapid wing…motions of maturity； but they are ready to fly within three weeks after they are hatched。 By the time the trumpet…vine is in bloom they dart and sip and utter a shrill little squeak among the flowers； in company with the old birds。
During the nest…building and incubation the male bird keeps so aggressively on the defensive that he often betrays to a hitherto unsuspecting intruder the location of his home。 After the young birds have to be fed he is most diligent in collecting food； that consists not alone of the sweet juices of flowers； as is popularly supposed； but also of aphides and plant…lice that his proboscis…like tongue licks off the garden foliage literally like a streak of lightning。
Both parents feed the young by regurgitation a process disgusting to the human observer； whose stomach involuntarily revolts at the sight so welcome to the tiny； squeaking； hungry birds。
RUBY…CROWNED KINGLET （Regulus calendula） Kinglet family
Called also： RUBY…CROWNED WREN； RUBY…CROWNED WARBLER
Length 4。25 to 4。5 inches。 About two inches smaller than the English sparrow。 Male Upper parts grayish olive…green； brighter nearer the tail； wings and tail dusky； edged with yellowish olive。 Two whitish wing…bars。 Breast and underneath light yellowish gray。 In the adult male a vermilion spot on crown of his ash…gray head。 Female Similar； but without the vermilion crest。 Range North America。 Breeds from northern United States northward。 Winters from southern limits of its breeding range to Central America and Mexico。 Migrations October。 April。 Rarely a winter resident at the North。 Most common during its migrations。
A trifle larger than the golden…crowned kinglet； with a vermilion crest instead of a yellow and flame one； and with a decided preference for a warmer winter climate； and the ruby…crown's chief