london in 1731- 第5部分

The　Navy　Office　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Crutchedfriars；　near　Tower　Hill；　being　a　large；　well…built　pile　of　buildings；　and　the　offices　for　every　branch　of　business　relating　to　the　navy　admirably　well　disposed。

The　Jews'　synagogues　are　in　Duke's　Place；　where；　and　in　that　neighbourhood；　many　of　that　religion　inhabit。　　The　synagogue　stands　east　and　West；　as　Christian　churches　usually　do：　　the　great　door　is　on　the　west；　within　which　is　a　long　desk　upon　an　ascent；　raised　above　the　floor；　from　whence　the　law　is　read。　　The　east　part　of　the　synagogue　also　is　railed　in；　and　the　places　where　the　women　sit　enclosed　with　lattices；　the　men　sit　on　benches　with　backs　to　them；　running　east　and　west；　and　there　are　abundance　of　fine　branches　for　candles；　besides　lamps；　especially　in　that　belonging　to　the　Portuguese。

4。　　Lime　Street　Ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　it　are　part　of　Leadenhall　Street；　and　Leadenhall　Market；　part　of　Lime　Street；　and　part　of　St。　Mary　Axe。

Leadenhall　Market；　the　finest　shambles　in　Europe；　lies　between　Leadenhall　Street　and　Fenchurch　Street。　　Of　the　three　courts　or　yards　which　it　consists　of；　the　first　is　that　at　the　north…east　corner　of　Gracechurch　Street；　and　opens　into　Leadenhall　Street。　This　court　or　yard　contains　in　length　from　north　to　south　164　feet；　and　in　breadth　from　east　to　west　eighty　feet：　　within　this　court　or　yard；　round　about　the　same；　are　about　100　standing　stalls　for　butchers；　for　the　selling　of　beef　only；　and　therefore　this　court　is　called　the　beef　market。　　These　stalls　are　either　under　warehouses；　or　sheltered　from　the　weather　by　roofs　over　them。　　This　yard　is　on　Tuesdays　a　market　for　leather；　to　which　the　tanners　resort；　on　Thursdays　the　waggons　from　Colchester；　and　other　parts；　come　with　baize；　&c。；　and　the　fellmongers　with　their　wool；　and　on　Fridays　it　is　a　market　for　raw　hides；　on　Saturdays；　for　beef　and　other　provisions。

The　second　market　yard　is　called　the　Greenyard；　as　being　once　a　green　plot　of　ground；　afterwards　it　was　the　City's　storeyard　for　materials　for　building　and　the　like；　but　now　a　market　only　for　veal；　mutton；　lamb；　&c。　　This　yard　is　170　feet　in　length　from　east　to　west；　and　ninety　feet　broad　from　north　to　south；　it　hath　in　it　140　stalls　for　the　butchers；　all　covered　over。　　In　the　middle　of　this　Greenyard　market　from　north　to　south　is　a　row　of　shops；　with　rooms　over　them；　for　fishmongers：　　and　on　the　south　side　and　west　end　are　houses　and　shops　also　for　fishmongers。　　Towards　the　east　end　of　this　yard　is　erected　a　fair　market…house；　standing　upon　columns；　with　vaults　underneath；　and　rooms　above；　with　a　bell　tower；　and　a　clock；　and　under　it　are　butchers'　stalls。　　The　tenements　round　about　this　yard　are　for　the　most　part　inhabited　by　cooks　and　victuallers；　and　in　the　passages　leading　out　of　the　streets　into　this　market　are　fishmongers；　poulterers；　cheesemongers；　and　other　traders　in　provisions。

The　third　market　belonging　to　Leadenhall　is　called　the　Herb　Market；　for　that　herbs；　roots；　fruits；　&c。；　are　only　there　sold。　　This　market　is　about　140　feet　square；　the　west；　east；　and　north　sides　had　walks　round　them；　covered　over　for　shelter；　and　standing　upon　columns；　in　which　walks　there　were　twenty…eight　stalls　for　gardeners；　with　cellars　under　them。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Leadenhall；　the　East　India　House；　Pewterers'　Hall；　and　Fletchers'　Hall。

Leadenhall　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street。　　It　is　a　large　stone　fabric；　consisting　of　three　large　courts　or　yards；　as　has　been　observed　already；　part　of　it　is　at　present　a　warehouse；　in　the　occupation　of　the　East　India　Company；　where　the　finest　calicoes；　and　other　curiosities　of　the　Eastern　part　of　the　world；　are　reposited；　another　part　of　it　is　for　Colchester　baize；　and　is　open　every　Thursday　and　Friday。　　Here　was　also　anciently　a　chapel；　and　a　fraternity　of　sixty　priests　constituted　to　celebrate　Divine　Service　every　day　to　the　market　people；　but　was　dissolved　with　other　religious　societies　at　the　Reformation。

On　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street　also；　and　a　little　to　the　eastward　of　Leadenhall；　stands　the　East　India　House；　lately　magnificently　built；　with　a　stone　front　to　the　street；　but　the　front　being　very　narrow；　does　not　make　an　appearance　answerable　to　the　grandeur　of　the　house　within；　which　stands　upon　a　great　deal　of　ground；　the　offices　and　storehouses　admirably　well　contrived；　and　the　public　hall　and　the　committee　room　scarce　inferior　to　anything　of　the　like　nature　in　the　City。

There　is　not　one　church　in　this　ward　at　present。　　The　officers　of　the　ward　are；　an　alderman；　his　deputy；　four　common…council　men；　four　constables；　two　scavengers；　sixteen　for　the　wardmote　inquest；　and　a　beadle。

5。　　Bishopsgate　Ward　is　divided　into　two　parts；　one　within　Bishopsgate；　and　the　other　without。

The　streets　and　places　in　this　ward；　within　the　gate；　are；　all　Bishopsgate　Street；　part　of　Gracechurch　Street；　all　Great　and　Little　St。　Helen's；　all　Crosby　Square；　all　Camomile　Street；　and　a　small　part　of　Wormwood　Street；　with　several　courts　and　alleys　that　fall　into　them。

That　part　of　this　ward　that　lies　without　Bishopsgate　extends　northwards　as　far　as　the　bars；　being　the　bounds　of　the　City　freedom　on　this　side。

The　principal　streets　and　places　in　this　ward；　without　the　gate；　are；　Bishopsgate　Street；　Petty　France；　Bethlem　Court　and　Lane；　and　Devonshire　Square；　besides　which；　there　are　little　courts　and　alleys　without　number　between　Bishopsgate　Street　and　Moorfields。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Leather…sellers'　Hall；　Gresham　College；　the　churches　of　St。　Botolph；　Bishopsgate；　St。　Ethelburga；　and　St。　Helen。

London　Workhouse；　for　the　poor　of　the　City　of　London；　also　stands　in　this　ward；　just　without　Bishopsgate；　being　a　long　brick　edifice　four　hundred　feet　in　length；　consisting　of　several　work…rooms　and　lodging　rooms　for　the　vagrants　and　parish　children　brought　thither；　who　are　employed　in　spinning　wool　and　flax；　in　sewing；　knitting；　or　winding　silk；　or　making　their　clothes　or　shoes；　and　are　taught　to　write；　read；　and　cast　accounts。　　The　grown　vagrants　brought　here　for　a　time　only　are　employed　in　washing；　beating　hemp；　and　picking　oakum；　and　have　no　more　to　keep　them　than　they　earn；　unless　they　are　sick；　and　the　boys　are　put　out　apprentices　to　seafaring　men　or　artificers；　at　a　certain　age；　and　in　the　meantime　have　their　diet；　clothes；　physic；　and　other　necessaries　provided　for　them　by　the　house；　which　is　supported　by　private　charities；　by　sums　raised　annually　by　the　City；　or　by　the　labour　of　the　children；　which　last　article　produces　seven　or　eight　hundred　pounds　per　annum。

6。　　Broad　Street　Ward　contains　part　of　Threadneedle　Street；　Bartholomew　Lane；　part　of　Prince's　Street；　part　of　Lothbury；　part　of　Throgmorton　Street；　great　part　of　Broad　Street；　Winchester　Street；　Austinfriars；　part　of　Wormwood　Street；　and　part　of　London　Wall　Street；　with　the　courts　and　lanes　running　into　them。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Carpenters'　Hall；　Drapers'　Hall；　Merchant　Taylors'　Hall；　the　South　Sea　House；　the　Pay　Office；　Allhallows　on　the　Wall；　St。　Peter's　Poor；　the　Dutch　Church；　St。　Martin's；　St。　Bennet's；　St。　Bartholomew's；　St。　Christopher's；　and　the　French　Church。

The　most　magnificent　and　beautiful　edifice　of　the　kind　in　this　ward；　and　indeed　in　the　City　of　London；　is　the　South　Sea　House；　lately　erected　at　the　north…east　corner　of　Threadneedle　Street；　near　Bishopsgate　Street；　and　over　against　the　church　of　St。　Martin　Outwich。　　It　is　built　of　stone　and　brick。

The　several　offices　for　transacting　the　business　of　this　great　company　are　admirably　well　disposed；　and　the　great　hall　for　sales　is　nowhere　to　be　paralleled；　either　in　its　dimensions　or　ornaments；　any　more　than　the　dining…room；　galleries；　and　chambers　above。

7。　　Cornhill　Ward　comprehends　little　more　than　the　street　of　the　same　name；　and　some　little　lanes　and　alleys　that　fall　into　it；　as　Castle　Alley；　Sweeting's　or　Swithin's　Alley；　Freeman's　Yard；　part　of　Finch　Lane；　Weigh　House　Yard；　Star　Court；　the　north　end　of　Birching　Lane；　St。　Michael's　Alley；　Pope's　Head　Alley；　and　Exchange　Alley。

Cornhill　Street　may；　in　many　respects；　be　looked　upon　as　the　principal　street　of　the　City　of　London；　for　here　almost　all　affairs　relating　to　navigation　and　commerce　are　transacted；　and　here　all　the　business　relating　to　the　great　companies　and　the　Bank　are　negotiated。　　This　street　also　is　situated　near　the　centre　of　the　City；　and　some　say；　upon　the　highest　ground　in　it。　　It　is　spacious；　and　well　built　with　lofty　houses；　four　or　five　storeys　high；　inhabited　by　linendrapers　and　other　considerable　tradesmen；　who　deal　by　wholesale　as　well　as　retail；　and　adorned　with　the　principal　gate　and　front　of　the　Royal　Exchange。　　Here　also　it　is　said　the　metropolitan　church　was　situated；　when　London　was　an　archbishopric。

Exchange　Alley；　so　denominated　from　its　being　situated　on　the　south　side　of　this　street；　over　against　the　Royal　Exchange；　has　long　been　famous　for　the　great　concourse　of　merchants　and　commanders　of　ships；　and　the　bargains　and　contracts　made　there　and　in　the　two　celebrated　coffee…houses　in　it；　which　go　under　the　respective　names　of　〃Jonathan's〃　and　〃Garraway's；〃　where　land；　stocks；　debentures；　and　merchandise；　and　everything　th