london in 1731- 第4部分

13。　　A　globe　and　sceptre　made　for　the　late　Queen　Mary。

14。　　An　ivory　sceptre　with　a　dove；　made　for　the　late　King　James's　queen。

15。　　The　golden　spurs　and　the　armillas　that　are　worn　at　the　coronation。


There　is　also　an　apartment　in　the　Tower　where　noble　prisoners　used　to　be　confined；　but　of　late　years　some　of　less　quality　have　been　sent　thither。

The　Tower　where　the　lions　and　other　savage　animals　are　kept　is　on　the　right　hand；　on　the　outside　the　ditch；　as　we　enter　the　fortress。　These　consist　of　lions；　leopards；　tigers；　eagles；　vultures；　and　such　other　wild　creatures　as　foreign　princes　or　sea…officers　have　presented　to　the　British　kings　and　queens。

Not　far　from　the　Tower　stands　London　Bridge。　　This　bridge　has　nineteen　arches　besides　the　drawbridge；　and　is　built　with　hewn　stone；　being　one　thousand　two　hundred　feet　in　length；　and　seventy…　four　in　breadth；　whereof　the　houses　built　on　each　side　take　up　twenty…seven　feet；　and　the　street　between　the　houses　twenty　feet；　there　being　only　three　vacancies　about　the　middle　of　the　bridge　where　there　are　no　houses；　but　a　low　stone　wall；　with　an　iron　palisade；　through　which　is　a　fine　view　of　the　shipping　and　vessels　in　the　river。　　This　street　over　the　bridge　is　as　much　thronged；　and　has　as　brisk　a　trade　as　any　street　in　the　city；　and　the　perpetual　passage　of　coaches　and　carriages　makes　it　troublesome　walking　on　it；　there　being　no　posts　to　keep　off　carriages　as　in　other　streets。　　The　middle　vacancy　was　left　for　a　drawbridge；　which　used　formerly　to　be　drawn　up　when　shipping　passed　that　way；　but　no　vessels　come　above　the　bridge　at　this　day　but　such　as　can　strike　their　masts；　and　pass　under　the　arches。　　Four　of　the　arches　on　the　north　side　of　the　bridge　are　now　taken　up　with　mills　and　engines；　that　raise　the　water　to　a　great　height；　for　the　supply　of　the　city；　this　brings　in　a　large　revenue　which；　with　the　rents　of　the　houses　on　the　bridge；　and　other　houses　and　lands　that　belong　to　it；　are　applied　as　far　as　is　necessary　to　the　repair　of　it　by　the　officers　appointed　for　that　service；　who　are；　a　comptroller　and　two　bridge…masters；　with　their　subordinate　officers；　and　in　some　years；　it　is　said；　not　less　than　three　thousand　pounds　are　laid　out　in　repairing　and　supporting　this　mighty　fabric；　though　it　be　never　suffered　to　run　much　to　decay。

I　come　next　to　describe　that　circuit　of　ground　which　lies　without　the　walls；　but　within　the　freedom　and　jurisdiction　of　the　City　of　London。　　And　this　is　bounded　by　a　line　which　begins　at　Temple　Bar；　and　extends　itself　by　many　turnings　and　windings　through　part　of　Shear　Lane；　Bell　Yard；　Chancery　Lane；　by　the　Rolls　Liberty；　&c。；　into　Holborn；　almost　against　Gray's…Inn　Lane；　where　there　is　a　bar　（consisting　of　posts；　rails；　and　a　chain）　usually　called　Holborn　Bars；　from　whence　it　passes　with　many　turnings　and　windings　by　the　south　end　of　Brook　Street；　Furnival's　Inn；　Leather　Lane；　the　south　end　of　Hatton　Garden；　Ely　House；　Field　Lane；　and　Chick　Lane；　to　the　common　sewer；　then　to　Cow　Cross；　and　so　to　Smithfield　Bars；　from　whence　it　runs　with　several　windings　between　Long　Lane　and　Charterhouse　Lane　to　Goswell　Street；　and　so　up　that　street　northward　to　the　Bars。

From　these　Bars　in　Goswell　Street；　where　the　manor　of　Finsbury　begins；　the　line　extends　by　Golden　Lane　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　Whitecross　Street；　and　from　thence　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　Grub　Street；　and　then　runs　through　Ropemakers　Alley　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　the　highway　from　Moorgate；　and　from　thence　by　the　north　side　of　Moorfields；　after　which　it　runs　northwards　to　Nortonfalgate；　meeting　with　the　bars　in　Bishopsgate　Street；　and　from　thence　runs　eastward　into　Spittlefields；　abutting　all　along　upon　Nortonfalgate。

From　Nortonfalgate　it　returns　southwards　by　Spittlefields；　and　then　south…east　by　Wentworth　Street；　to　the　bars　in　Whitechapel。　　From　hence　it　inclines　more　southerly　to　the　Little　Minories　and　Goodman's　Fields：　　from　whence　it　returns　westward　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　the　Minories；　and　so　on　more　westerly　till　it　comes　to　London　Wall；　abutting　on　the　Tower　Liberty；　and　there　it　ends。　　The　ground　comprehended　betwixt　this　line　and　the　city　wall　contains　about　three　hundred　acres。

There　is　no　wall　or　fence；　as　has　been　hinted　already；　to　separate　the　freedom　of　the　City　from　that　part　of　the　town　which　lies　in　the　county　of　Middlesex；　only　posts　and　chains　at　certain　places；　and　one　gate　at　the　west　end　of　Fleet　Street　which　goes　by　the　name　of　Temple　Bar。

This　gate　resembles　a　triumphal　arch；　it　is　built　of　hewn　stone；　each　side　being　adorned　with　four　pilasters；　their　entablature；　and　an　arched　pediment　of　the　Corinthian　order。　　The　intercolumns　are　niches　replenished；　those　within　the　Bar　towards　the　east；　with　the　figures　of　King　James　I。　and　his　queen；　and　those　without　the　Bar；　with　the　figures　of　King　Charles　I。　and　King　Charles　II。　　It　is　encircled　also　with　cornucopias；　and　has　two　large　cartouches　by　way　of　supporters　to　the　whole；　and　on　the　inside　of　the　gate　is　the　following　inscription；　viz。；　〃Erected　in　the　year　1671；　Sir　Samuel　Starling；　Mayor：　　continued　in　the　year　1670；　Sir　Richard　Ford；　Lord　Mayor：　　and　finished　in　the　year　1672；　Sir　George　Waterman；　Lord　Mayor。〃

The　city　is　divided　into　twenty…six　wards　or　governments；　each　having　its　peculiar　officers；　as　alderman；　common　council；　&c。　　But　all　are　subject　to　the　lord　mayor；　the　supreme　magistrate　of　this　great　metropolis。　　Of　each　of　these　wards　take　the　following　account。

1。　　Portsoken　ward　is　situate　without　Aldgate；　the　most　easterly　ward　belonging　to　the　City；　and　extends　from　Aldgate　eastward　to　the　bars。　　The　chief　streets　and　places　comprehended　in　it；　are　part　of　Whitechapel　Street；　the　Minories；　Houndsditch；　and　the　west　side　of　Petticoat　Lane。

Whitechapel　is　a　handsome　broad　street；　by　which　we　enter　the　town　from　the　east。　　The　south　side；　or　great　part　of　it；　is　taken　up　by　butchers　who　deal　in　the　wholesale　way；　selling　whole　carcases　of　veal；　mutton；　and　lamb　（which　come　chiefly　out　of　Essex）　to　the　town　butchers。　　On　the　north　side　are　a　great　many　good　inns；　and　several　considerable　tradesmen's　houses；　who　serve　the　east　part　of　England　with　such　goods　and　merchandise　as　London　affords。　　On　the　south　side　is　a　great　market　for　hay　three　times　a　week。

Tower　ward　extends　along　the　Thames　from　the　Tower　on　the　east　almost　to　Billingsgate　on　the　west；　and　that　part　of　the　Tower　itself　which　lies　to　the　westward　of　the　White　Tower　is　held　by　some　to　be　within　this　ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　contained　in　it　are　Great　Tower　Street；　part　of　Little　Tower　Street　and　Tower　Hill；　part　of　Thames　Street；　Mark　Lane；　Mincing　Lane；　Seething　Lane；　St。　Olave　Hart　Street；　Idle　Lane；　St。　Dunstan's　Hill；　Harp　Lane；　Water　Lane；　and　Bear　Lane；　with　the　courts　and　alleys　that　fall　into　them。

Great　Tower　Hill　lies　on　the　outside　of　the　Tower　Ditch　towards　the　north…west。

Upon　this　hill　is　a　scaffold　erected；　at　the　charge　of　the　City；　for　the　execution　of　noble　offenders　imprisoned　in　the　Tower　（after　sentence　passed　upon　them）。

The　names　of　the　quays　or　wharves　lying　on　the　Thames　side　in　this　ward　between　the　Tower　and　Billingsgate；　are　Brewer's　Quay；　Chester　Quay；　Galley　Quay；　Wool　Quay；　Porter's　Quay；　Custom…House　Quay；　Great　Bear　Quay；　Little　Bear　Quay；　Wigging's　Quay；　Ralph's　Quay；　Little　Dice　Quay；　Great　Dice　Quay；　and　Smart's　Quay；　of　which；　next　to　the　Custom…House　Quay；　Bear　Quays　are　the　most　considerable；　there　being　one　of　the　greatest　markets　in　England　for　wheat　and　other　kinds　of　grain；　brought　hither　by　coasting　vessels。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　（besides　the　western　part　of　the　Tower　above…mentioned　to　be　within　the　City）　are　the　Custom　House；　Cloth…workers'　Hall；　Bakers'　Hall；　and　the　three　parish　churches　of　Allhallows　Barking；　St。　Olave　Hart　Street；　and　St。　Dunstan's　in　the　East。

The　Custom　House　is　situated　on　the　north　side　of　the　Thames；　between　the　Tower　and　Billingsgate；　consisting　of　two　floors；　in　the　uppermost　of　which；　in　a　wainscoted　magnificent　room；　almost　the　whole　length　of　the　building；　and　fifteen　feet　in　height；　sit　the　commissioners　of　the　customs；　with　their　under　officers　and　clerks。　The　length　of　this　edifice　is　a　hundred　and　eighty…nine　feet；　and　the　general　breadth　twenty…seven；　but　at　the　west　end　it　is　sixty　feet　broad。　　It　is　built　of　brick　and　stone；　and　covered　with　lead；　being　adorned　with　the　upper　and　lower　orders　of　architecture。

3。　　Aldgate；　or　Ealdgate　Ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　it　are　Aldgate　Street；　Berry　Street；　part　of　St。　Mary　Axe；　part　of　Leadenhall　Street；　part　of　Lime　Street；　Billiter　Lane　and　Square；　part　of　Mark　Lane；　Fenchurch　Street；　and　Crutchedfriars。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　the　African　House；　the　Navy　Office；　Bricklayers'　Hall；　the　churches　of　St。　Catherine　Creechurch；　St。　James's；　Duke's　Place；　St。　Andrew　Undershaft；　St。　Catherine　Coleman；　and　the　Jews'　Synagogues。

The　Royal　African　House　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street；　near　the　east　end　of　it。　　Here　the　affairs　of　the　company　are　transacted；　but　the　house　has　nothing　in　it　that　merits　a　particular　description。

The　Navy　Office　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Crutchedfriars；　near　Tower　H