rout； when； fortunately； the adelantado of Murcia threw himself with a large body of horse and foot between the pursuers and the pursued； covering the retreat of the latter and giving them time to rally。 The Moors were now attacked so vigorously in turn that they gave over the contest and drew back slowly into the city。 Many valiant cavaliers were slain in this skirmish； among the number was Don Philip of Aragon； master of the chivalry of St。 George of Montesor： he was illegitimate son of the king's illegitimate brother Don Carlos； and his death was greatly bewailed by Ferdinand。 He had formerly been archbishop of Palermo； but had doffed the cassock for the cuirass； and； according to Fray Antonio Agapida； had gained a glorious crown of martyrdom by falling in this holy war。
The warm reception of his advance guard brought King Ferdinand to a pause： he encamped on the banks of the neighboring river Guadalquiton； and began to consider whether he had acted wisely in undertaking this campaign with his present force。 His late successes had probably rendered him over…confident： El Zagal had again schooled him into his characteristic caution。 He saw that the old warrior was too formidably ensconced in Baza to be dislodged by anything except a powerful army and battering artillery； and he feared that should he persist in his invasion some disaster might befall his army； either from the enterprise of the foe or from a pestilence which prevailed in various parts of the country。 He retired； therefore； from before Baza； as he had on a former occasion from before Loxa； all the wiser for a wholesome lesson in warfare； but by no means grateful to those who had given it； and with a solemn determination to have his revenge upon his teachers。
He now took measures for the security of the places gained in the campaign； placing in them strong garrisons； well armed and supplied； charging their alcaydes to be vigilant on their posts and to give no rest to the enemy。 The whole of the frontier was under the command of Luis Fernandez Puerto Carrero。 As it was evident from the warlike character of El Zagal that there would be abundance of active service and hard fighting； many hidalgos and young cavaliers eager for distinction remained with Puerto Carrero。
All these dispositions being made； King Ferdinand closed the dubious campaign of this year； not； as usual； by returning in triumph at the head of his army to some important city of his dominions； but by disbanding the troops and repairing to pray at the cross of Caravaca。
CHAPTER LXIX。
HOW THE MOORS MADE VARIOUS ENTERPRISES AGAINST THE CHRISTIANS。
〃While the pious king Ferdinand；〃 observes Fray Antonio Agapida； 〃was humbling himself before the cross and devoutly praying for the destruction of his enemies； that fierce pagan； El Zagal； depending merely on arm of flesh and sword of steel； pursued his diabolical outrages upon the Christians。〃 No sooner was the invading army disbanded than he sallied forth from his stronghold； and carried fire and sword into all those parts which had submitted to the Spanish yoke。 The castle of Nixar； being carelessly guarded； was taken by surprise and its garrison put to the sword。 The old warrior raged with sanguinary fury about the whole frontier； attacking convoys； slaying； wounding； and making prisoners； and coming by surprise upon the Christians wherever they were off their guard。
Carlos de Biedma； alcayde of the fortress of Culla； confiding in the strength of its walls and towers and in its difficult situation； being built on the summit of a lofty hill and surrounded by precipices； ventured to absent himself from his post。 He was engaged to be married to a fair and noble lady of Baeza； and repaired to that city to celebrate his nuptials； escorted by a brilliant array of the best horsemen of his garrison。 Apprised of his absence； the vigilant El Zagal suddenly appeared before Culla with a powerful force； stormed the town sword in hand； fought the Christians from street to street； and drove them with great slaughter to the citadel。 Here a veteran captain； by the name of Juan de Avalos； a gray…headed warrior scarred in many a battle； assumed the command and made an obstinate defence。 Neither the multitude of the enemy nor the vehemence of their attacks； though led on by the terrible El Zagal himself； had power to shake the fortitude of this doughty old soldier。
The Moors undermined the outer walls and one of the towers of the fortress； and made their way into the exterior court。 The alcayde manned the tops of his towers； pouring down melted pitch and showering darts； arrows； stones； and all kinds of missiles upon the assailants。 The Moors were driven out of the court； but； being reinforced with fresh troops； returned repeatedly to the assault。 For five days the combat was kept up： the Christians were nearly exhausted； but were sustained by the cheerings of their stanch old alcayde and the fear of death from El Zagal should they surrender。 At length the approach of a powerful force under Don Luis Puerto Carrero relieved them from this fearful peril。 El Zagal abandoned the assault； but set fire to the town in his rage and disappointment； and retired to his stronghold of Guadix。
The example of El Zagal roused his adherents to action。 Two bold Moorish alcaydes； Ali Aliatar and Yzan Aliatar； commanding the fortresses of Alhenden and Salobrena； laid waste the country of the subjects of Boabdil and the places which had recently submitted to the Christians： they swept off the cattle； carried off captives； and harassed the whole of the newly…conquered frontier。
The Moors also of Almeria and Tavernas and Purchena made inroads into Murcia； and carried fire and sword into its most fertile regions。 On the opposite frontier also； among the wild valleys and rugged recesses of the Sierra Bermeja； or Red Mountains； many of the Moors who had lately submitted again flew to arms。 The marques of Cadiz suppressed by timely vigilance the rebellion of the mountain… town of Gausin； situated on a high peak almost among the clouds； but others of the Moors fortified themselves in rock…built towers and castles； inhabited solely by warriors； whence they carried on a continual war of forage and depredation； sweeping down into the valleys and carrying off flocks and herds and all kinds of booty to these eagle…nests； to which it was perilous and fruitless to pursue them。
The worthy Fray Antonio Agapida closes his history of this checkered year in quite a different strain from those triumphant periods with which he is accustomed to wind up the victorious campaigns of the sovereigns。 〃Great and mighty；〃 says this venerable chronicler； 〃were the floods and tempests which prevailed throughout the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon about this time。 It seemed as though the windows of heaven were again opened and a second deluge overwhelming the face of nature。 The clouds burst as it were in cataracts upon the earth； torrents rushed down from the mountains； overflowing the valleys； brooks were swelled into raging rivers； houses were undermined； mills were swept away by their own streams； the affrighted shepherds saw their flocks drowned in the midst of the pasture； and were fain to take refuge for their lives in towers and high places。 The Guadalquivir for a time became a roaring and tumultuous sea； inundating the immense plain of the Tablada and filling the fair city of Seville with affright。
〃A vast black cloud moved over the land； accompanied by a hurricane and a trembling of the earth。 Houses were unroofed； the walls and battlements of fortresses shaken； and lofty towers rocked to their foundations。 Ships riding at anchor were either stranded or swallowed up； others； under sail； were tossed to and fro upon mountain waves and cast upon the land； where the whirlwind rent them in pieces and scattered them in fragments in the air。 Doleful was the ruin and great the terror where this baleful cloud passed by； and it left a long track of desolation over sea and land。 Some of the faint…hearted；〃 adds Antonio Agapida； 〃looked upon this torment of the elements as a prodigious event； out of the course of nature。 In the weakness of their fears they connected it with those troubles which occurred in various places； considering it a portent of some great calamity about to be wrought by the violence of the bloody… handed El Zagal and his fierce adherents。〃*
*See Cura de los Palacios； cap。 91； Palencia； De Bello Granad。； lib。 8。
CHAPTER LXX。
HOW KING FERDINAND PREPARED TO BESIEGE THE CITY OF BAZA； AND HOW THE CITY PREPARED FOR DEFENCE。
The stormy winter had passed away； and the spring of 1489 was advancing； yet the heavy rains had broken up the roads； the mountain…brooks were swollen to raging torrents； and the late shallow and peaceful rivers were deep； turbulent； and dangerous。 The Christian troops had been summoned to assemble in early spring on the frontiers of Jaen； but were slow in arriving at the appointed place。 They were entangled in the miry defiles of the mountains or fretted impatiently on the banks of impassable floods。 It was late in the month of May before they assembled in sufficient force to attempt the proposed invasion； whe