st incredible labors； to invest and isolate the city。 They connected their camps by a deep trench across the plain a league in length； into which they diverted the waters of the mountain…streams。 They protected this trench by palisadoes； fortified by fifteen castles at regular distances。 They dug a deep trench also； two leagues in length； across the mountain in the rear of the city； reaching from camp to camp； and fortified it on each side with walls of earth and stone and wood。 Thus the Moors were enclosed on all sides by trenches； palisadoes； walls； and castles； so that it was impossible for them to sally beyond this great line of circumvallation； nor could any force enter to their succor。 Ferdinand made an attempt likewise to cut off the supply of water from the city； 〃for water；〃 observes the worthy Agapida； 〃is more necessary to these infidels than bread； making use of it in repeated daily ablutions enjoined by their damnable religion； and employing it in baths and in a thousand other idle and extravagant modes of which we Spaniards and Christians make but little account。〃
There was a noble fountain of pure water which gushed out at the foot of the hill Albohacen just behind the city。 The Moors had almost a superstitious fondness for this fountain； and chiefly depended upon it for their supplies。 Receiving intimation from some deserters of the plan of King Ferdinand to get possession of this precious fountain； they sallied forth at night and threw up such powerful works upon the impending hill as to set all attempts of the Christian assailants at defiance。
CHAPTER LXXIV。
EXPLOIT OF HERNANDO PEREZ DEL PULGAR AND OTHER CAVALIERS。
The siege of Baza； while it displayed the skill and science of the Christian commanders； gave but little scope for the adventurous spirit and fiery valor of the young Spanish cavaliers。 They repined at the tedious monotony and dull security of their fortified camp； and longed for some soul…stirring exploit of difficulty and danger。 Two of the most spirited of these youthful cavaliers were Francisco de Bazan and Antonio de Cueva； the latter of whom was son to the duke of Albuquerque。 As they were one day seated on the ramparts of the camp； and venting their impatience at this life of inaction； they were overheard by a veteran adalid； one of those scouts or guides who were acquainted with all parts of the country。 〃Seniors；〃 said he； 〃if you wish for a service of peril and profit； if you are willing to pluck the fiery old Moor by the beard； I can lead you to where you may put your mettle to the proof。 Hard by the city of Guadix are certain hamlets rich in booty。 I can conduct you by a way in which you may come upon them by surprise； and if you are as cool in the head as you are hot in the spur； you may bear off your spoils from under the very eyes of old El Zagal。〃
The idea of thus making booty at the very gates of Guadix pleased the hot…spirited youths。 These predatory excursions were frequent about this time； and the Moors of Padul； Alhenden； and other towns of the Alpuxarras had recently harassed the Christian territories by expeditions of the kind。 Francisco de Bazan and Antonio de Cueva soon found other young cavaliers of their age eager to join in the adventure； and in a little while they had nearly three hundred horse and two hundred foot ready equipped and eager for the foray。
Keeping their destination secret； they sallied out of the camp on the edge of an evening； and； guided by the adalid； made their way by starlight through the most secret roads of the mountains。 In this way they pressed on rapidly day and night； until early one morning； before cock…crowing； they fell suddenly upon the hamlets； made prisoners of the inhabitants； sacked the houses； ravaged the fields； and； sweeping through the meadows； gathered together all the flocks and herds。 Without giving themselves time to rest； they set out upon their return； making with all speed for the mountains before the alarm should be given and the country roused。
Several of the herdsmen； however； had fled to Guadix； and carried tidings of the ravage to El Zagal。 The beard of old Muley trembled with rage： he immediately sent out six hundred of his choicest horse and foot； with orders to recover the booty and to bring those insolent marauders captive to Guadix。
The Christian cavaliers were urging their cavalgada of cattle and sheep up a mountain as fast as their own weariness would permit； when； looking back； they beheld a great cloud of dust； and presently descried the turbaned host hot upon their traces。
They saw that the Moors were superior in number； they were fresh also； both man and steed； whereas both they and their horses were fatigued by two days and two nights of hard marching。 Several of the horsemen therefore gathered round the commanders and proposed that they should relinquish their spoil and save themselves by flight。 The captains； Francisco de Bazan and Antonio de Cueva； spurned at such craven counsel。 〃What？〃 cried they； 〃abandon； our prey without striking a blow？ Leave our foot…soldiers too in the lurch； to be overwhelmed by the enemy？ If any one gives such counsel through fear； he mistakes the course of safety； for there is less danger in presenting a bold front to the foe than in turning a dastard back； and fewer men are killed in a brave advance than in a cowardly retreat。〃
Some of the cavaliers were touched by these words； and declared that they would stand by the foot…soldiers like true companions…in…arms： the great mass of the party； however； were volunteers； brought
together by chance； who received no pay nor had any common tie to keep them together in time of danger。 The pleasure of the expedition being over； each thought but of his own safety； regardless of his companions。 As the enemy approached the tumult of opinions increased and everything was in confusion。 The captains； to put an end to the dispute； ordered the standard…bearer to advance against the Moors； well knowing that no true cavalier would hesitate to follow and defend his banner。 The standard…bearer hesitated： the troops were on the point of taking to flight。
Upon this a cavalier of the royal guards rode to the front。 It was Hernan Perez del Pulgar； alcayde of the fortress of Salar； the same dauntless ambassador who once bore to the turbulent people of Malaga the king's summons to surrender。 Taking off a handkerchief which he wore round his head after the Andalusian fashion； he tied it to the end of a lance and elevated it in the air。 〃Cavaliers；〃 cried he； 〃why do ye take weapons in your hands if you depend upon your feet for safety？ This day will determine who is the brave man and who the coward。 He who is disposed to fight shall not want a standard： let him follow this handkerchief。〃 So saying； he waved his banner and spurred bravely against the Moors。 His example shamed some and filled others with generous emulation： all turned with one accord； and； following Pulgar； rushed with shouts upon the enemy。 The Moors scarcely waited to receive the shock of their encounter。 Seized with a panic； they took to flight； and were pursued for a considerable distance with great slaughter。 Three hundred of their dead strewed the road； and were stripped and despoiled by the conquerors； many were taken prisoners； and the Christian cavaliers returned in triumph to the camp with a long cavalgada of sheep and cattle and mules laden with booty； and bearing before them the singular standard which had conducted them to victory。
King Ferdinand was so pleased with the gallant action of Hernan Perez del Pulgar that he immediately conferred on him the honor of knighthood； using in the ceremony the sword of Diego de Aguero； the captain of the royal guards； the duke of Esculona girded one of his own gilt spurs upon his heel； and the grand master of Santiago； the count de Cabra； and Gonsalvo of Cordova officiated as witnesses。 Furthermore； to perpetuate in his family the memory of his achievement； the sovereigns authorized him to emblazon on his escutcheon a golden lion in an azure field； bearing a lance with a handkerchief at the end of it。 Round the border of the escutcheon were depicted the eleven alcaydes vanquished in the battle。* The foregoing is but one of many hardy and heroic deeds done by this brave cavalier in the wars against the Moors； by which he gained great renown and the distinguished appellation of 〃El de las hazanas；〃 or 〃He of the exploits。〃**
*Alcantara； Hist。 de Granada； tomo iv。 cap。 18； Pulgar； Cron。； part iii。
**Hernan or Hernando del Pulgar； the historian； secretary to Queen Isabella； is confounded with this cavalier by some writers。 He was also present at the siege of Baza； and has recounted this transaction in his Chronicle of the Catholic sovereigns； Ferdinand and Isabella。
CHAPTER LXXV。
CONTINUATION OF THE SIEGE OF BAZA。
The Moorish king； El Zagal； mounted a tower and looked out eagerly to enjoy the sight of the Christian marauders brought captive into the gates of Guadix； but his spirits fell when he beheld his own troops stealing back in the dusk of the evening in broken and dejected parties。
The fortune of war bore hard against the old monarch；