ning persons on the higher rungs of the social ladder。 In fact； even a bowing acquaintance with a prince or a lord counts； in his eyes； for more than do the most intimate of relations with ordinary folk。 For the same reason the author feels apprehensive on his hero's account； seeing that he has made that hero a mere Collegiate Councillora mere person with whom Aulic Councillors might consort； but upon whom persons of the grade of full General＇1＇ would probably bestow one of those glances proper to a man who is cringing at their august feet。 Worse still； such persons of the grade of General are likely to treat Chichikov with studied negligenceand to an author studied negligence spells death。
＇1＇ In this case the term General refers to a civil grade equivalent to the military rank of the same title。
However； in spite of the distressfulness of the foregoing possibilities； it is time that I returned to my hero。 After issuing； overnight； the necessary orders； he awoke early； washed himself； rubbed himself from head to foot with a wet sponge （a performance executed only on Sundaysand the day in question happened to be a Sunday）； shaved his face with such care that his cheeks issued of absolutely satin…like smoothness and polish； donned first his bilberry…coloured； spotted frockcoat； and then his bearskin overcoat； descended the staircase （attended； throughout； by the waiter） and entered his britchka。 With a loud rattle the vehicle left the inn…yard； and issued into the street。 A passing priest doffed his cap； and a few urchins in grimy shirts shouted； 〃Gentleman； please give a poor orphan a trifle！〃 Presently the driver noticed that a sturdy young rascal was on the point of climbing onto the splashboard； wherefore he cracked his whip and the britchka leapt forward with increased speed over the cobblestones。 At last； with a feeling of relief； the travellers caught sight of macadam ahead； which promised an end both to the cobblestones and to sundry other annoyances。 And； sure enough； after his head had been bumped a few more times against the boot of the conveyance； Chichikov found himself bowling over softer ground。 On the town receding into the distance； the sides of the road began to be varied with the usual hillocks； fir trees； clumps of young pine； trees with old； scarred trunks； bushes of wild juniper； and so forth； Presently there came into view also strings of country villas which； with their carved supports and grey roofs （the latter looking like pendent； embroidered tablecloths）； resembled； rather； bundles of old faggots。 Likewise the customary peasants； dressed in sheepskin jackets； could be seen yawning on benches before their huts； while their womenfolk； fat of feature and swathed of bosom； gazed out of upper windows； and the windows below displayed； here a peering calf； and there the unsightly jaws of a pig。 In short； the view was one of the familiar type。 After passing the fifteenth verst…stone Chichikov suddenly recollected that； according to Manilov； fifteen versts was the exact distance between his country house and the town； but the sixteenth verst stone flew by； and the said country house was still nowhere to be seen。 In fact； but for the circumstance that the travellers happened to encounter a couple of peasants； they would have come on their errand in vain。 To a query as to whether the country house known as Zamanilovka was anywhere in the neighbourhood the peasants replied by doffing their caps； after which one of them who seemed to boast of a little more intelligence than his companion； and who wore a wedge…shaped beard； made answer：
〃Perhaps you mean Manilovkanot ZAmanilovka？〃
〃Yes； yesManilovka。〃
〃Manilovka； eh？ Well； you must continue for another verst； and then you will see it straight before you； on the right。〃
〃On the right？〃 re…echoed the coachman。
〃Yes； on the right；〃 affirmed the peasant。 〃You are on the proper road for Manilovka； but ZAmanilovkawell； there is no such place。 The house you mean is called Manilovka because Manilovka is its name； but no house at all is called ZAmanilovka。 The house you mean stands there； on that hill； and is a stone house in which a gentleman lives； and its name is Manilovka； but ZAmanilovka does not stand hereabouts； nor ever has stood。〃
So the travellers proceeded in search of Manilovka； and； after driving an additional two versts； arrived at a spot whence there branched off a by…road。 Yet two； three； or four versts of the by…road had been covered before they saw the least sign of a two…storied stone mansion。 Then it was that Chichikov suddenly recollected that； when a friend has invited one to visit his country house； and has said that the distance thereto is fifteen versts； the distance is sure to turn out to be at least thirty。
Not many people would have admired the situation of Manilov's abode； for it stood on an isolated rise and was open to every wind that blew。 On the slope of the rise lay closely…mown turf； while； disposed here and there； after the English fashion； were flower…beds containing clumps of lilac and yellow acacia。 Also； there were a few insignificant groups of slender…leaved； pointed…tipped birch trees； with； under two of the latter； an arbour having a shabby green cupola； some blue…painted wooden supports； and the inscription 〃This is the Temple of Solitary Thought。〃 Lower down the slope lay a green…coated pondgreen…coated ponds constitute a frequent spectacle in the gardens of Russian landowners； and； lastly； from the foot of the declivity there stretched a line of mouldy； log…built huts which； for some obscure reason or another； our hero set himself to count。 Up to two hundred or more did he count； but nowhere could he perceive a single leaf of vegetation or a single stick of timber。 The only thing to greet the eye was the logs of which the huts were constructed。 Nevertheless the scene was to a certain extent enlivened by the spectacle of two peasant women who； with clothes picturesquely tucked up； were wading knee…deep in the pond and dragging behind them； with wooden handles； a ragged fishing…net； in the meshes of which two crawfish and a roach with glistening scales were entangled。 The women appeared to have cause of dispute between themselvesto be rating one another about something。 In the background； and to one side of the house； showed a faint； dusky blur of pinewood； and even the weather was in keeping with the surroundings； since the day was neither clear nor dull； but of the grey tint which may be noted in uniforms of garrison soldiers which have seen long service。 To complete the picture； a cock； the recognised harbinger of atmospheric mutations； was present； and； in spite of the fact that a certain connection with affairs of gallantry had led to his having had his head pecked bare by other cocks； he flapped a pair of wingsappendages as bare as two pieces of bastand crowed loudly。
As Chichikov approached the courtyard of the mansion he caught sight of his host （clad in a green frock coat） standing on the verandah and pressing one hand to his eyes to shield them from the sun and so get a better view of the approaching carriage。 In proportion as the britchka drew nearer and nearer to the verandah； the host's eyes assumed a more and more delighted expression； and his smile a broader and broader sweep。
〃Paul Ivanovitch！〃 he exclaimed when at length Chichikov leapt from the vehicle。 〃Never should I have believed that you would have remembered us！〃
The two friends exchanged hearty embraces； and Manilov then conducted his guest to the drawing…room。 During the brief time that they are traversing the hall； the anteroom； and the dining…room； let me try to say something concerning the master of the house。 But such an undertaking bristles with difficultiesit promises to be a far less easy task than the depicting of some outstanding personality which calls but for a wholesale dashing of colours upon the canvasthe colours of a pair of dark； burning eyes； a pair of dark； beetling brows； a forehead seamed with wrinkles； a black； or a fiery…red； cloak thrown backwards over the shoulder； and so forth； and so forth。 Yet； so numerous are Russian serf owners that； though careful scrutiny reveals to one's sight a quantity of outre peculiarities； they are； as a class； exceedingly difficult to portray； and one needs to strain one's faculties to the utmost before it becomes possible to pick out their variously subtle； their almost invisible； features。 In short； one needs； before doing this； to carry out a prolonged probing with the aid of an insight sharpened in the acute school of research。
Only God can say what Manilov's real character was。 A class of men exists whom the proverb has described as 〃men unto themselves； neither this nor thatneither Bogdan of the city nor Selifan of the village。〃 And to that class we had better assign also Manilov。 Outwardly he was presentable enough； for his features were not wanting in amiability； but that amiability was a quality into which there entered too much of the sugary element； so that his every gesture； his every attitude； seemed to connote an excess of eagerness to curry favour and cultivate a closer acquaintance。 On first speaking to the man； his ingratiating smile； his flaxen hair； an