great deal of influence； obstructs the present Resident in every
attempt to come to an understanding on the land grant question。 A
virulent cattle disease had put an end for the time being to cart
traffic； and the Linggi； the great high…road to the tin mines； had
become so shallow that the means of water transport were very limited。
Large numbers of jungle workers had returned to Malacca。 The Resident's
report shows very significantly the formidable difficulties which
attend on the system of a 〃Dual Control；〃 and on making any
interference with 〃Malay custom〃 regarding land； etc。 It is scarcely
likely； however； that Sungei Ujong and the other feeble protected
States which have felt the might of British arms； and are paying dearly
through long years for their feeble efforts at independence； will ever
seek to shake off the present system； which； on the whole； gives them
security and justice。
LETTER XI
A Mangrove SwampJungle DwellersThe Sempang Police StationShooting
AlligatorsThe River LinggiA Somber…Faced ThrongStuck Fast at
Permatang PasirFair Impediments
SEMPANG POLICE STATION （At the junction of the Loboh…Chena； and Linggi
rivers）； Territory of the Datu Klana of Sungei Ujong； Malay Peninsula。
January 24； 1 P。M。 Mercury； 87 degrees。
We left Malacca at seven this morning in the small； unseaworthy；
untrustworthy； unrigged steam…launch Moosmee； and after crawling for
some hours at a speed of about five miles an hour along brown and
yellow shores with a broad； dark belt of palms above them； we left the
waveless； burning sea behind； and after a few miles of tortuous
steaming through the mangrove swamps of the Linggi river； landed here
to wait for sufficient water for the rest of our journey。
This is a promontory covered with cocoa…palms； bananas； and small
jungle growths。 On either side are small rivers densely bordered by
mangrove swamps。 The first sight of a real mangrove swamp is an event。
This mangi…mangi of the Malays （the Rhizophera mangil of botanists） has
no beauty。 All along this coast within access of tidal waters there is
a belt of it many miles in breadth； dense； impenetrable； from forty to
fifty feet high； as nearly level as may be； and of a dark； dull green。
At low water the mangroves are seen standing close packed along the
shallow and muddy shores on cradles or erections of their own roots
five or six feet high； but when these are covered at high tide they
appear to be growing out of the water。 They send down roots from their
branches； and all too quickly cover a large space。 Crabs and other
shell…fish attach themselves to them； and aquatic birds haunt their
slimy shades。 They form huge breeding grounds for alligators and
mosquitoes； and usually for malarial fevers； but from the latter the
Peninsula is very free。 The seeds germinate while still attached to the
branch。 A long root pierces the covering and grows rapidly downward
from the heavy end of the fruit； which arrangement secures that when
the fruit falls off the root shall at once become embedded in the mud。
Nature has taken abundant trouble to insure the propagation of this
tree； nearly worthless as timber。 Strange to say； its fruit is sweet
and eatable； and from its fermented juice wine can be made。 The
mangrove swamp is to me an evil mystery。
Behind； the jungle stretches outwho can say how far； for no European
has ever penetrated it？and out of it rise； jungle…covered； the Rumbow
hills。 The elephant； the rhinoceros； the royal tiger； the black
panther； the boar； the leopard； and many other beasts roam in its
tangled； twilight depths； but in this fierce heat they must be all
asleep in their lairs。 The Argus…pheasant too； one of the loveliest
birds of a region whose islands are the home of the Bird of Paradise；
haunts the shade； and the shade alone。 In the jungle too； is the
beautiful bantam fowl； the possible progenitor of all that useful race。
The cobra； the python （？）； the boa…constrictor； the viper； and at least
fourteen other ophidians； are winding their loathsome and lissom forms
through slimy jungle recesses； and large and small apes and monkeys；
flying foxes； iguanas； lizards； peacocks； frogs； turtles； tortoises；
alligators； besides tapirs； rarely seen； and the palandok or chevrotin；
the hog deer； the spotted deer； and the sambre； may not be far off。 I
think that this part of the country； intersected by small； shallow；
muddy rivers； running up through slimy mangrove swamps into a vast and
impenetrable jungle； must be like many parts of Western Africa。
One cannot walk three hundred yards from this station； for there are no
tracks。 We are beyond the little territory of Malacca； but this bit of
land was ceded to England after the 〃Malay disturbances〃 in 1875； and
on it has been placed the Sempang police station； a four…roomed
shelter； roofed with attap； a thatch made of the fronds of the nipah
palm； supported on high postsan idea perhaps borrowed from the
mangroveand reached by a ladder。 In this four Malay policemen and a
corporal have dwelt for three years to keep down piracy。 〃Piracy；〃 by
which these rivers were said to be infested； is a very ugly word；
suggestive of ugly deeds； bloody attacks； black flags； and no quarter；
but here it meant； in our use of the word at least； a particular mode
of raising revenue； and no boat could go up or down the Linggi without
paying black…mail to one or more river rajahs。
Our wretched little launch； moored to a cocoa…palm； flies a blue
ensign； and the Malay policemen wear an imperial crown upon their caps；
both representing somewhat touchingly in this equatorial jungle the
might of the small island lying far off amidst the fogs of the northern
seas； and in this instance at least not her might only； but the
security and justice of her rule。
Two or three canoes hollowed out of tree trunks have gone up and down
the river since we landed； each of the inward bound being paddled by
four men； who ply their paddles facing forward； which always has an
aboriginal look； those going down being propelled by single； square
sails made of very coarse matting。 It is very hot and silent。 The only
sounds are the rustle of the palm fronds and the sharp din of the
cicada； abruptly ceasing at intervals。 In this primitive police station
the notices are in both Tamil and Arabic； but the reports are written
in Arabic only。 Soon after we sat down to drink fresh cocoa…nut milk；
the great beverage of the country； a Malay bounded up the ladder and
passed through us； with the most rapid and feline movements I have ever
seen in a man。 His large prominent eyes were fixed； tiger…like； on a
rifle which hung on the wall； at which he darted； clutched it； and；
with a feline leap； sprang through us again。 I have heard much of amok
running lately； and have even seen the two…pronged fork which was used
for pinning a desperate amok runner to the wall； so that for a second I
thought that this Malay was 〃running amuck；〃 but he ran down toward Mr。
Hayward； our escort； and I ran after him； just in time to see a large
alligator plunge from the bank into the water。 Mr。 Hayward took a
steady aim at the remaining one； and hit him； when he sprang partly up
as if badly wounded； and then plunged into the river after his
companion； staining the muddy water with his blood for some distance。
Police Station； Permatang Pasir； Sungei Ujong； 5 P。M。We are now in a
native State； in the Territory of the friendly Datu Klana； Syed
Abdulrahman； and the policemen wear on their caps not an imperial
crown； but a crescent； with a star between its horns。
This is a far more adventurous expedition than we expected。 Things are
not going altogether as straight as could be desired； considering that
we have the Governor's daughters with us； who； besides being very
precious； are utterly unseasoned and inexperienced travelers； quite
unfit for 〃roughing it。〃 For one thing； it turns out to be an absolute
necessity for us to be out all night； which I am very sorry for； as one
of the girls is suffering from the effects of exposure to the intense
heat of the sun。
We left Sempang at two； the Misses Shaw reeling rather than walking to
the launch。 I cannot imagine what the mercury was in the sun； but the
copper sheathing of the gunwale was too hot to be touched。 Above
Sempang the river narrows and shoals rapidly； and we had to crawl；
taking soundings incessantly； and occasionally dragging heavily over
mud banks。 We saw a large alligator sleeping in the sun on the mud；
with a mouth； I should think； a third of the length of his body； and as
he did not wake as we panted past him； a rifle was loaded and we backed
up close to him； but Babu； who had the weapon； and had looked quite
swaggering and belligerent so long as it was unloaded； was too
frightened to fire； the saurian awoke； and his hideous form and
corrugated hide plunged into the water； so close under the stern as to
splash us。 After this； alligators were so common； singly or in groups；
or in families； that they ceased to be exciting。 It is difficult for
anything to produce continuous excitement under this fierce sun； and
conversation； which had been flagging before noon； ceased altogether。